失独家庭父母身心健康状况与生活质量的对照研究

Investigation of the physical and psychological status and life quality in losing-only-child-families

目的 了解农村、城镇失独父母的心身健康及生活质量现状,为国家制定相应政策提供依据. 方法 采用抑郁自评量表、焦虑自评量表社会支持评定量表、SF-36生活质量评定量表,以标准问卷入户调查的方式逐户逐人收集北京市、合肥市和山东巨野县（城镇）的405个失独家庭失独者父亲和（或）母亲躯体健康情况、评定其抑郁焦虑发生及生活质量的情况. 结果 北京市、合肥市、山东巨野县心理自评抑郁量表评分父亲的为42.9、39.3、53.0分,母亲的为43.0、41.8、59.3,自评焦虑量表评分父亲的为31.2、31.4、44.7分,母亲的为33.8、34.2、49.6分,生理健康评分父亲的为51.6、52.8、46.5分,母亲的为50.4、52.5、45.6分,精神健康评分父亲的为51.6、52.8、46.7分,母亲的为50.0、45.0、31.0分,各评分F检验P均＜0.05.有孙子女的失独父亲自评焦虑量表的评分均值为34.6分,母亲为38.3分;无孙子女的失独父亲自评焦虑量表的评分均值为31.5分,母亲为34.3分,两组P均＜0.05. 结论 我国失独家庭的父母亲身体状况较差,生活质量下降,不同区域间心理状况与生活质量存在差异,失独父母亲抑郁、焦虑程度随时间延长而逐渐降低.有孙子女的失独父母亲较无孙子女的失独父母亲易于产生焦虑情绪.

Objective To study the physical and psychological status and life qualities in losing only-child families in the country,city and metropolis to provide clues for formulating corresponding policies in China.Methods The survey of 405 losing-only-child families was conducted in Beijing （metropolis）,Anhui province Hefei city and Shandong province Juye county （town）.The physical and psychological health status of parents in these families was analyzed by questionnaire.The measurements of depression and anxiety were performed by self-rating depression scale （SDS） and self-rating anxiety scale （SAS）.The qualities of their life were evaluated by social support rate scale and quality of life scale SF36.The data was processed by analysis of variance test.Results The scores of SDS in Beijing,Hefei city and Juye country were 39.3,42.9,53.0 in the fathers and 41.8,43.0,59.3 in the mothers,respectively.The scores of SAS in Beijing,Hefei city and Juye country were 31.38,31.19,44.67 in the fathers and 34.2,33.8,49.6 in the mothers,respectively.The scores of physical function in Beijing,Hefei city and Juye country were 52.8,51.6,46.5 in the fathers and 52.49,50.4,45.6 in the mothers,respectively.The scores of mental function in Beijing,Hefei city and Juye country were 52.8,51.6 and 46.7 in the fathers and 45.0,50.0,31.0 in the mothers,respectively （all P＜0.05）.The SAS score of losing-only-child-parents with grandchildren was 34.6 in the fathers,and 38.3 in the mothers （P＜0.05）.The SAS score of losing-only-child parents with grandchildren was 31.5 in the fathers,and 34.33 in the mothers （P＜0.05）.Conclusions Both the physical and psychological status of losing-only-child families are poor,and their qualities of life are decreased significantly.There are significant differences in physical and psychological status and qualities of life between the families in the different regions.The degree of depression and anxiety in losing-only-child-parents is decreasing after 20 years of losing only child.The losing-only child parents with grandchild is prone to anxiety than the losing-only-child parents without grandchild.