唐代“文士知医”的社会根源

Social Roots of the Tang Dynasty "Scholar Knowledge of Medicine"

先秦至宋元时期的医家经历了"巫医""道医""儒医"3个阶段,但社会地位普遍低下。自唐朝中后期之来,医家的地位相对要高于以往,其主要原因在于以下几个方面:1安定统一,尚文重医的社会形势与风气;2三教并存,和谐发展的政策与现象;3养生思想的普遍盛行;4文士的智力支持;5保全生命的实际需求。虽然唐朝中后期真正的儒医学派并未形成,但"文士知医"的现象为宋代儒医的盛行打下了基础。

The pre-Qin dynasty to the Song and Yuan dynasties doctors experienced 3 stages of〝witch doctor〝 〝Taoist medicine〝 and〝confucian physician〝 but generally low social status. Since the middle period of Tang Dynasty,doctor has higher than that in the previ- ous medical status,the main reason lies in the following aspects：①stability and unity of the country,praising highly of scholar and doc- tors social situation and atmosphere;②Three religions coexist,policy and phenomenon of harmonious development;③Prevalence of thought of keeping in good health;④Literary scholar intellectual support;⑤Actual demand of the preservation of life. Although in the late Tang dynasty,the real confucian physician school didnˊt form,but〝scholar knowledge of medicine〝 phenomenon laid a foundation of the prevalence of confucian physician in Song dynasty.