泉州市大学生营养KAP对营养状况评价的影响分析

Analysis on the effect of nutrition knowledge,attitude and practice on nutritional status assessment among college students in Quanzhou City

目的分析大学生营养KAP对营养状况评价的影响。方法以随机整群抽样研究方法,抽取泉州市高校在校大学生626名作为研究对象,采用问卷调查研究法进行KAP调查,采用3 d 24 h膳食记录和询问开展研究对象的膳食调查,通过食谱营养评价软件,计算医学生组(A组)和非医学生组(B组)的大学生每人每日平均摄入能量与营养素,以及通过计算BMI,进行肥胖、超重、正常、营养不良的判定,同时计算营养缺乏发生率。结果 252名(40.26%)对营养知识了解较为全面,网络、杂志是其主要了解渠道。402名(64.22%)对于营养较为重视,希望了解更多的营养知识,获取更好的膳食指导。与B组比较,A组的知识分、态度分均较高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。经过调查,约有90%以上的研究对象中存在不良饮食习惯;与B组比较,A组的蛋白质、能量、钙、维生素A及维生素C的每日摄入量较高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。A、B两组在肥胖、超重、正常以及营养不良中的比例差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。与A组比较,B组牙龈出血、抽筋以及便秘的检出率均较高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论泉州市大学生中大多对于营养知识了解较为全面及重视,但是较多的存在不良饮食行为,对于膳食结构造成较大影响,导致营养缺乏的发生率较高,故而对其进行有针对性的营养健康教育势在必行。

Objective To analyze the influence of college students＇ nutrition knowledge,attitude and practice （KAP） on nutritional status assessment.Methods Six hundred and twenty-six students from a college in Quanzhou City were selected by random cluster sampling method as the research subjects,and KAP investigation was carried out using questionnaires.Diet was surveyed by collecting 24-hour diet records for 3 days and enquiries.The daily average intakes of energy and nutrients by each college student in the medical student group （group A） and non-medical student group （group B） were calculated using dietary nutrition evaluation software and BMI was calculated so as to judge their nutrition levels in terms of obesity,over-weight,normal and cacotrophy and to count the incidence of malnutrition.Results Two hundred and fifty-two （40.26％） students had a comprehensive knowledge about nutrition,mainly acquired by network and magazines.402 （64.22％） students attached importance to nutrition knowledge and wanted to know more about it and obtain better dietary guidance.Compared with group B,students of group A got higher knowledge and attitude scores,with the differences being statistically significant （P＜0.05）.According to the investigation results,about more than 90％ of the research subjects had poor dietary habits.The daily intake of proteins,energy,calcium and vitamins A and C was significantly high in group A than in group B,with statistically significant differences （P ＜ 0.05）.Groups A and B were not statistically significant different with respect to the percentages of obesity,over -weight,normal and cacotrophy （P ＞0.05）.The incidences of oulorrhagia,jerkiness and constipation were significantly higher in group B than in group A,with the differences being statistically significant （P ＜ 0.05）.Conclusions Most of the college students in Quanzhou City possess a comprehensive knowledge of nutrition and attach importance to it,but many of them have poor dietary behavior,which imposes great impact on dietary structure and leads to high incidence of cacotrophy.Therefore,it is imperative that student-targeted nutrition and health education should be carried out.