南高丛越橘品种‘Sapphire’和北高丛品种‘Berkeley’正反交后代果实糖酸组分含量的遗传倾向

Inheritance Tendency of Sugar and Acid Contents in the Reciprocal Cross Progenies' Fruits of Southern × Northern High Bush Blueberry(Vaccinium)

[目的]分析越橘亲本对其杂交后代果实糖酸性状遗传的影响,为科学选配亲本提供依据。[方法]以高糖高酸的南高丛越橘品种‘Sapphire’和中糖低酸的北高丛品种‘Berkeley’为亲本配置正反交组合,应用高效液相色谱(HPLC)技术对亲本及其杂交后代果实中糖和酸的组分及含量进行检测和分析。[结果]越橘果实中的果糖和葡萄糖是主要的可溶性糖组分,柠檬酸和酒石酸是主要的有机酸组分,各糖酸组分及总糖和总酸含量在正反交组合中均表现出广泛的分离,其中糖组分及总糖的变异系数大于15%,酸组分及总酸的变异系数大于30%,酸的变异幅度大于糖的变异幅度,说明酸含量的选择潜力大;杂交后代糖和酸含量的平均值均低于亲中值,呈衰退变异,正反交后代果糖、葡萄糖及总糖含量平均值倾向低糖亲本,而柠檬酸、酒石酸及总酸含量平均值倾向父本;糖含量在杂交后代中呈正态分布,表现为多基因控制的数量性状遗传,酸含量在杂种后代中呈偏向低酸的偏态分布,可能有主效基因存在。杂交后代糖酸性状的广义遗传力(H2)存在明显差异,果糖、葡萄糖、总糖、柠檬酸和总酸的H2较高,为0.66—0.86,其中以果糖最高,正反交组合分别为0.84和0.86,表明这些性状的变异主要来自遗传效应,遗传潜能大,而酒石酸的H2最低,正反交组合分别为0.22和0.30,表明酒石酸的遗传效应小,易受环境影响。[结论]越橘杂交后代果实糖酸组分及总糖总酸含量广泛分离,后代平均值均低于亲中值。糖呈正态分布,属多基因控制的数量性状,遗传潜能大,含量趋近于低糖亲本,具有一定的母性遗传倾向;而酸呈偏态分布,含量趋向于父本,明显受父本影响。

Objective] The objective of present study is to analyze the effects of parents on inheritance of sugar and acid contents in blueberry fruit, to provide a basis for selecting parents in cross breeding.[Method] Sugar and acid contents of southern high bush blueberry ‘Sapphire’ （ high sugar and high acid type）, northern high bush blueberry ‘Berkeley’ （middle sugar and low acid type） and their reciprocal cross progenies were investigated with high performance liquid chromatography （HPLC） method.[Result] Fructose and glucose were the major components of sugar, while citric acid and tartaric acid were the major components of acid. The reciprocal populations exhibited a wide phenotypic variation in fructose, glucose, total sugar, tartaric acid, citric acid and total acid contents where the coefficient of variation （CV） of sugar and acid contents were more than 15% and 30%, respectively, and the range of acid contents was higher than that of sugar contents, indicating that there was a bigger selecting potential for acid content. Mean sugar and acid contents of reciprocal cross progenies were lower than mid-parental values, showing a tendency of depression. The mean sugar contents of progenies inclined to low sugar parent, while the mean acid contents inclined to paternal parent value. The individual and total sugar contents presented a normal distribution, implying sugar contents are quantitative traits and controlled by polygenenes, while individual and total acid presented a skewed distribution, implying acid contents are quantitative traits and may be controlled by both major gene and polygenes. The broad sense heritability （H2） of fructose, glucose, total sugar, citric acid and total acid contents were ranged from 0.66 to 0.86, in which the highest was fructose （0.84 and 0.86 in the reciprocal populations, respectively）, indicating that the variations of these traits mainly resulted from inheritance, and they were mainly affected by additive effect, while theH2 of tartaric acid was the lowest （0.22 and 0.30 in the reciprocal populations, respectively）, indicating that the variation of tartaric acid is greatly affected by environment factors.[Conclusion] The blueberry reciprocal populations exhibited a wide phenotypic variation in both sugar and acid contents, mean sugar and acid contents of progenies were lower than mid-parental values. The sugars contents presented a normal distribution, and were the quantitative traits and controlled by polygenenes. The mean sugar contents of progenies come close to low sugar parent, there exists maternal inheritance on the sugar contents, while the mean acid contents come close to paternal value and were mainly affected by paternal parent.