胰岛素依赖型糖尿病疫苗研究进展

Research progress of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus vaccine

胰岛素依赖型糖尿病是一种以机体对胰脏β细胞自身抗体耐受的丧失为标志的自身免疫性疾病,发病者会出现胰岛损伤、血糖失控、并往往有严重的长期并发症。导致这种自身反应性疾病的一个原因就是自身抗原与免疫系统的相互作用。这些自身抗原本身的性质决定了其是否会促进自身免疫或者参与免疫保护,一旦发生自身免疫性疾病,目前尚无能安全而有效的根治这些疾病的方法。因此,与完全依赖于广泛的免疫抑制的其它疗法相比,在发生自身免疫性疾病之前采用疫苗预防措施,或者利用机体免疫调节的疗法就显得尤为重要并具有极大的吸引力。这里,我们综述了近年来胰岛素依赖型糖尿病疫苗的发展,并探讨了基于自身抗原的疫苗疗法以及联合免疫疫苗在胰岛素依赖型糖尿病防治中的作用和运用前景。

The loss of tolerance towards self-antigens on pancreatic ^-cells is the hallmark of insulin-depen- dent diabetes mellitus that ultimately causes destruction of the islets of langerhans, loss of blood glucose con- trol and severe long-term complications. One major aspect that contributes to the emergence of autoreactivity may be the interplay of several microbial agents with the immune system that, depending on its nature, may promote autoreactivity or confer protection. Since there is no curative treatment available that can be safely administered to the increasing number of patients suffering from this disease, the development of a vaccine that prevents autoreactivity or reintroduces immune regulation once autoreactivity occurs is of great interest, particularly because other treatment options almost entirely depend on general immunosuppression. Here, we will discuss recent advances in vaccine discovery, and focus on the development of autoantigen vaccines for insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and demonstrate that multi-component vaccines are promising candidates for type 1 diabetes clinical studies.