北京农村中老年人膳食模式对握力的影响

Effect of Dietary Pattern on Handgrip Strength in Middle Aged and Elderly People in the Rural Area of Beijing

目的探讨膳食模式对北京农村中老年人握力的影响。方法 2011年7月首都医科大学附属北京友谊医院对北京市房山区张坊村村民进行义诊,按照入选标准最终将134例45～90岁农村居民作为受试者。应用24 h膳食回顾法调查农村居民营养摄入情况,计算各种营养素和能量的摄入量;进行人体指标测定（包括身高、体质量、体脂含量、腰围、臀围、三头肌皮褶厚度、上臂围等）;应用握力计测量握力;记录吸烟、饮酒、睡眠、活动情况等。按握力是否达标分为握力达标组和握力未达标组,对两组的一般情况、生活情况、人体测量指标、膳食营养素摄入量进行单因素分析,握力影响因素的多因素分析采用Logistic回归分析。结果男性双手握力达标20例（44.4%）,女性双手握力达标55例（61.8%）;握力达标组75例,握力未达标组59例。握力达标组和握力未达标组的年龄、瘦体组织质量、腰臀比、上臂肌围、运动情况、碳水化合物摄入、蛋白质摄入、脂肪摄入比较,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。Logistic回归分析显示,女性、上臂肌围、蛋白质摄入比例高是握力达标的保护因素,而瘦体组织质量是握力达标的危险因素（P〈0.05）。结论北京市房山区张坊村中老年人膳食模式不均衡,蛋白质摄入比例过低,影响握力达标情况;改善该村居民的膳食结构,适当增加蛋白质摄入比例是增加握力和增进健康行之有效的办法。

Objective To investigate the effect of the dietary pattern on the handgrip strength in middle aged and elderly people in the rural area of Beijing. Methods In July 2011,enrolled 134 rural residents in Zhang Fang Village between 45-90 years old as research subjects to investigate rural residents＇ nutritional intake by 24 h dietary recall methods. It calculated the intakes of various nutrients and energy,measured human indicators and their handgrip strength, recorded their smoking,drinking,sleeping and activities,etc. The subjects were divided,according to handgrip strength,into groups A（ handgrip meeting the standards）,B（ handgrip not meeting the standards）. A univariate analysis was performed on general information,living conditions,anthropometric measures,dietary nutrient intake,Logistic regression analysis was used to do multivariate analysis on the influencing factors of handgrip strength. Results The handgrip strength of both hands reached the standards in 20males（ 44. 4%）,in 55 females（ 61. 8%）. There were 75 cases in group A,59 in group B. There was significant difference in age,lean body mass,waist-hip ratio,arm muscle circumference（ AMC）,exercise conditions,intakes of carbohydrates,protein and fat between 2 groups（ P〈0. 05）. By Logistic regression analysis,female,AMC,high protein intake were protective factors of handgrip,organization lean body mass was a risk factor（ P〈0. 05）. Conclusion In Zhang Fang Village,the dietary model of the elderly is unbalanced. Their too low protein intake effects their handgrip. Improving villagers＇ dietary patterns and proper increase of protein intake in the proportion of total energy are effective methods for handgrip.