云南少数民族巫术信众与焦虑对象的艺术化构建

The Artistic Construction of Witchcraft Believers and Anxiety Objects among the National Minorities in Yunnan Province

焦虑对象指超自然或自然的敌对势力,即鬼、神、魂、精灵等,它们是灾难和福祉的根源,是神圣而危险的存在。巫术必然地要为无形者赋形,艺术治疗的发生正是源于巫术思维对符号形式的希求。处于焦虑中的信众,需要对心理现实进行再现和表现。从心理学的角度看,信众对焦虑对象的艺术化构建,和人类原初即有的通过投射的心理过程来防御焦虑的能力关系密切。信众将自体无法接受的想法、感受、特质和行为归因于他者,将自体无法接受的焦虑转移到他者身上。

The anxiety objects refer to the hostile forces of the super- natural or the natural,that is,the ghost,god,soul,and spirit etc who are the origins of disaster and happiness,existing as divine and dangerous entities. Witchcrafts necessarily give shapes to the intangible and the artistic therapy just originates from the desirability of the witchcraft for symbols. The believers in anxiety need to represent and express their psychological states. From the perspective of psychology,believers＇ artistic construction of the anxiety objects is closely related to their capacity to fend off the anxiety in psychological process with human being＇s primary projection. Believers attribute thoughts,feelings,qualities and actions they cannot accept to others and thus transfer the anxiety they cannot bear to others.