基于综合效益分析的烤烟设施农田暗管布局优化

Layout Optimization of Subsurface Drainage Tubes in Flue-cured Tobacco Field Based on Comprehensive Benefit Analysis

土壤盐渍化对烤烟产量和品质有不同程度的负面影响。为了寻求综合效益(高产、优质、节水、降盐)最优的设施农田暗管布局方案,设计了不同的灌溉制度与暗管布局方案,观测不同处理对烤烟品质指标、产量、灌溉水利用效率和耕层土壤电导率的影响,并引入主成分分析法和投影寻踪分类模型,对不同暗管布局方案进行优选。结果表明:烟叶总氮和烟碱含量与灌溉量呈负相关,而还原糖和钾含量与灌溉量呈正相关;烟叶综合品质与产量均以W2D1S2最优,耕层土壤盐分去除效果和灌溉水利用效率分别以W3D1S1处理和W1D2S2最优;投影寻踪分类模型计算结果认为,W2D1S2为综合效益最佳的处理,投影值达到1.5222,W2D2S1次之,W1D1S1最差。因此,灌溉量500 mm条件下,暗管埋深0.6 m、间距6m为本试验最优的暗管布局方案。

Soil salinization has various negative effects on the yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco .To find out the op-timal layout scheme of subsurface drainage tubes with best comprehensive benefits （high yield ,good quality ,water - sav-ing ,and desalinization） ,an experiment was designed with treatments of different irrigation schemes and subsurface drainage tube layouts .The effects of different treatments on the quality and yield of flue-cured tobacco ,irrigation water utilization efficiency and electrical conductivity of surface soil were observed .In addition ,principle component analysis and projection pursuit model were used to select the optimal layout treatment of subsurface tubes .Results showed that to-tal nitrogen and nicotine contents of tobacco leaves presented a negative relationship with irrigation amount ,while reduc-ing sugar and potassium content of tobacco leaves presented the opposite .Comprehensive quality index and yield of tobac-co of treatment W2D1S2 were the best .The surface soil desalination and irrigation water utilization efficiency were opti-mal in treatments of W3D1S1 and W1D2S2 ,respectively .The simulation results of projection pursuit model showed that W2D1S2 was the optimal treatment with the best comprehensive benefits and a projection value of 1 .5222 ,followed by W2D2S1 ,while the treatment W1D1S1 was the poorest .Therefore ,a depth of 0 .6 m and space of 6 m for drainage tubes under 500 mm irrigation was the best layout scheme in this study .