汉英语义对语序的限制

Semantic Constraints on Word Order in Chinese and English

汉语和英语的语序除了形式上的限制以外,还受语义关系和语用功能的限制。语义的限制,体现在论元关系、义域关系和时间顺序等对语序选择的影响和约束。汉语和英语的语义对语序的影响有所不同。首先,汉语比英语更容忍"受施动"甚至"施受动"的语序。另外,汉语的大概念词语前置时不需要标记,英语则需要标记。最后,英语比汉语更常违反时序的语序。

In addition to formal restraints, word order in Chinese and English is also subject to semantic restraints, which are shown in the effects of argument, scope and temporal sequence on the selection of word order. Chinese and English may differ in such semantic restraints as Chinese is more tolerant than English to the order of patient - agent - verb or even agent - patient - verb. Moreover, Chinese does not mark the words of larger scope but English does. English would violate the temporal sequence more often than Chinese.