基于生态足迹模型的重庆市可持续性动态测度与分析

Sustainable Dynamic Measure and Analysis of Chongqing City Based on Ecological Footprint Model

重庆市作为长江流域上游唯一的直辖市,在促进城乡统筹改革和区域协调发展大局中具有重要战略地位,其可持续发展任重道远.运用生态足迹方法分析了重庆市2005年～ 2012年生态足迹的动态变化,并利用生态足迹和生态足迹强度指数等指标对其进行可持续性评估.结果表明：重庆市人均生态足迹由2005年的1.4527 hm^2/cap增至2012年的1.9105 hm^2/cap,人均生态赤字由0.9887hm^2/cap上升至2012年的1.4224hm^2/cap;人均生物资源足迹与人均能源生态足迹所占百分比平均为62.78％,37.22％;万元GDP生态足迹由2005年的1.33 hm^2/万元降至2012年的0.56hm^2/万元;生态足迹强度指数由2005年的3.13上升为2012年的3.91.结合重庆市加快5大功能区建设基础上提出人口控制、优化能源结构和提高环境保护标准、划定重庆市长江上游生态文明区生态红线、调整农业结构布局等方面政策建议.

Chongqing City, as the only municipality located at upper Yangtze River basin, has occupied an important strategic status in promoting urban and rural overall development reform and regional coordinated development, which has sustainable development with shoulder heavy responsibilities. This paper analyzed the dynamic changes of ecological footprint in Chongqing from 2005 to 2012 based on ecological footprint method, and assessed the ecological sustainability by using EFI and so on. The research achievement showed that eco-footprint per capita in Chongqing increased from 1. 4527 hm^2 in 2005 to 1. 9105 hm^2 in 2012, and the eco-deficit per capita increased from 0. 9887 hm^2 to 1. 4224 hm^2. The average percentage of the biological footprint and energy eco-footprint was 62. 78%, 37. 22%, respectively. Eco-footprint per ten thousand yuan GDP decreased from 1.33hmz in 2005 to 0. 56hm^2 in 2012. Ecological footprint intensity index increased from 3.13 in 2005 to 3.91 in 2012. Based on the costruction of the five functional districts in Chongqing city, this paper proposed several measures, including population control, energy structure optimization and improvement of environmental protection standards, ecological red-line delimitation at civilization area in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River, adjustment of agricultural structures and other policies.