青少年锻炼目标内容、自主型动机与体育锻炼的关系

The Relationship among Teenagers' Exercise Content Goal,Autonomous Motivation and Physical Exercise

以自我决定理论(SDT)为基础,采用锻炼目标内容、运动行为调节(第二版本)和Godin的业余时间体育锻炼3个量表对664名青少年进行抽样调查,以考察青少年锻炼目标内容、自主型动机和不同强度体育锻炼之间的关系。结果表明:1)青少年锻炼内在目标可正向预测剧烈、适度和轻度运动,而锻炼外在目标仅可预测剧烈运动;2)青少年自主型期望可正向预测剧烈和适度运动;3)青少年自主型动机在锻炼内在目标与剧烈运动间起部分中介作用,在内在目标与适度运动间起完全中介作用。研究结果基本支持SDT相关观点,但青少年锻炼目标内容对体育锻炼的预测作用具有文化特异性,不同强度体育锻炼的自主型动机预测作用和中介机制不一。

Based on the self- determination theory （SDT）, by using the scales of exercise content goal, behavioral regulations in exercise questionnaire （BREQ-2）, Goddin＇ leisure- time exercise questionnaire to investigate 664 teenagers, the article is trying to verify the relationship among teenagers＇ exercise content goal, autonomous motivation and different level physical exercise. The results are as follows： 1 ） teenagers＇ exercise intrinsic goal content can positively predict strenuous exercise, moderate exercise and mild exercise, while exercise extrinsic goal content only positively predict strenuous exercise; 2） teenagers＇ autonomous motivation can positively predict strenuous exercise and moderate exercise; 3） teenagers＇ autonomous motivation partially mediated the relationship of exercise intrinsic goal content and strenuous exercise, while wholly mediated the relationship of exercise intrinsic goal content and moderate exercise. The results mostly support the SDT, however, there are cross- cultural differences in the teenagers＇ exercise goal content which predict physical exercise, the prediction and mediating effect of autonomous motivation depend on physical exercise levels.