浙西葬礼中买地券书写与使用习俗调查

An Investigation on the Custom of Writing and Using Coupons to Buy Land in Funeral in Western Zhejiang

随葬买地券习俗在我国有近两千年的历史,堪称中国民俗的活化石。笔者在浙西调查发现,民间葬礼中书写、使用买地券之风依然盛行。跟邻近的福建、皖南地区写在纸上、烧化于坟前的买地券相比,这里是书写或镌刻于砖石、放入墓圹的。浙西买地券文体多样,韵文、韵散结合、散文等体式并存,书写方法也多种多样,并由女婿或其他亲人背到墓地,与骨灰盒一起下葬。随葬买地券表明人们对身后冥界的想象与古人相同,但券文书写越来越商业化,体现了相关宗教信仰已经日渐淡化。

The custom of funerary coupons to buy land in China has a history of nearly two thousand years, can be called a living fossil of Chinese folk. The author found that writing and using coupons to buy land is still popular in private funeral in western Zhejiang. Compared with neighboring Fujian, Anhui region where coupons to buy land is written on paper and burnt at the grave, coupons to buy land here is written or engraved on the brick and put into the tomb. Coupons to buy land in western Zhejiang have a variety of stylistic, which also have kinds of writing ways, and always carried by son by-law or other relatives back to the cemetery and buried with casket. Funerary coupons to buy land shows that people have the same imagination with the ancients on the situation after dead, but coupons written become more and more commercialized, which reflects the relevant religion has faded.