水电开发背景下长江上游保护区珍稀特有鱼类保护实践

Protection of the rare and endemic fish in the conservation area located in the upstream of the Yangtze River

鉴于金沙江下游水电工程可能对"长江上游珍稀特有鱼类国家级自然保护区"产生的生态影响,规划由中国长江三峡集团公司投资3.82亿元用于保护区的生态补偿。截至2013年底,各项工作均已按计划落实并取得显著成果。科学研究方面,已从"珍稀特有鱼类生活史和人工繁殖技术"、"保护区环境因子变动特征及其对鱼类的影响"、"鱼类保护生物学与保护效果评估研究"、"水利工程建设与鱼类保护协调发展对策研究"四个方面开展了一系列科研项目,并在几种特有鱼类人工繁殖方面取得重要突破。增殖放流方面,完成3个鱼类增殖放流站的建设,仅向家坝放流站就已累计放流珍稀特有鱼类72万尾。水生态监测方面,自2006年起每年开展保护区水生态系统尤其是鱼类资源的监测工作,8年间共监测到达氏鲟和胭脂鱼2种珍稀鱼类及46种特有鱼类。金沙江下游二期水电工程阶段,三峡集团计划进一步加强投入,在开展长期监测的基础上,因地制宜地制定和推行符合该保护区特点的适应性管理对策,促进水电开发与生态保护协调发展。

In view of the ecological effects which might be caused by the hydropower stations constructed in the lower reach of the Jinsha River,China Three Gorges Corporation（ CTG） planned to invest 382 millions Yuan（ RMB） for the fish protection in the National Nature Reserve for rare and Endemic Fishes in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River. By the end of 2013,many plans had been carried out and many results had been achieved. Scientific researches were carried out from four aspects：（ 1） Life history and the artificial propagation technology of the rare and endemic fish;（ 2） Environmental factors variations and the impacts on the fish;（ 3） Fish conservation biology and estimation about the protection effect;（ 4） Study about the coordinated development strategies between the hydropower engineering construction and the fish protection. A series of technical problems were overcome,especially artificial propagation technology of some endemic fish.Three fishery enhancement and releasing stations were constructed,and fish releasing work was carried out every year according to the plan. Ecological monitoring,especially the monitoring of the rare and endemic fish were performed from2006. During this period,two rare fish species（ Acipenser dabryanus and Chinese sucker Myxocyprinus asiaticus） and 46 endemic fishes were found. In the second development stage of the Jinsha River hydropower resources,CTG planned to invest more funds for the fish protection. Based on the long-term ecological monitoring,CTG will coordinate with other agencies to ensure the implementation of the targeted strategies,to promote the coordinative development between the hydropower development and the ecological protection.