列车纵向-垂向碰撞动力学耦合模型建模与研究

Construction of Dynamic Coupling Model of Longitudinal-vertical Train Crash

为研究列车碰撞响应机理,基于多体动力学方法,建立包括轨道子系统、轮轨关系子系统、车钩缓冲器-防爬器子系统以及车辆子系统的列车纵向-垂向平面碰撞动力学模型。轨道子系统中将钢轨假设为离散点支撑的Timoshenko梁;轮轨关系子系统考虑了大蠕滑情况下轮轨切向力的计算;钩缓-防爬器子系统中考虑了车钩和防爬器转动以及动态因素对吸能特性的影响;车辆子系统中考虑了车端点头运动和吸能变形模式以及悬挂系统的非线性特性影响。采用显示数值积分方法,编制了该耦合系统的动力学仿真程序,并进行时域求解。将数值求解结果与有限元仿真和试验结果进行比较,验证了列车纵向-垂向碰撞动力学耦合模型的正确性。论文研究成果为进一步研究车辆主要结构参数对碰撞性能的影响规律、改善列车碰撞动力学行为以及新型耐撞性车辆设计提供了理论依据和仿真手段。

In order to investigate the mechanism of dynamic responses in train crash,the dynamics model of longitudinal-vertical plane train crash was developed by using the multi-body dynamics approach,which included the track subsystem,wheel-rail subsystem,coupler buffer-anti-creeper subsystem and vehicle subsystem.In the track subsystem,rails were assumed to be Timoshenko beams supported by rail fasteners discretely.In the wheel-rail subsystem,the tangential force between wheel and rail was considered in the case of heavy creeping.In the coupler buffer-anti-creeper subsystem,the influence of coupler and anti-creeper rotation freedom and dynamic factors on energy absorbing characteristics was considered.In the vehicle subsystem,the influence of the pitching freedom and energy-absorption mode of carbody ends and the nonliner characteristics of suspension elements was taken into account.The system motion equations were solved with the explicit integration method in the time domain.Correctness of the developed model was verified through comparison of numerical solutions with finite element simulation and test results.The theoretical basis and simulation means were provided for further study on the law of main vehicle structure parametes affecting train crash performance,on the improvement in dynamic train crash behavior and on design of new-type crashworthy vehicle structures.