圈养亚洲象春季昼间行为时间分配及活动节律

Behavioral Time Allocation and Activity Rhythm of Captive Indian Elephant(Elephas maximus) in Daytime in Spring

2012年1月13日～5月8日,采用瞬时扫描法、全事件取样法及目标取样法对昆明动物园4只圈养大象（3 ♀ 1 ♂）的昼间行为时间分配及活动节律进行了观察与分析.结果表明：圈养亚洲象在取食行为、运动行为、站立行为、休息行为、交往行为、情绪行为和其他行为中主要以取食和运动2类行为为主,除怀孕象运动（14％）少于取食（67％）外,其余都是运动行为时间分配大于取食行为时间分配,其他行为分配时间均不超过10％.在工作日和节假日雄象的运动行为和取食行为大致相似,而雌象表现为在工作目的运动行为多于节假日,取食行为则相反;取食行为上雌、雄象分别在10：00～11：00、14：00～15：00和11：00～12：00、14：00～15：00出现2个明显的波峰,而运动行为上雌、雄象在13：00～14：00都形成一个明显的波峰,在14：00～15：00都形成一个显著的波谷,其余行为雌、雄节律性不明显.综合分析发现雌、雄象的昼间活动规律在10：00～11：00至13：00～14：00表现出一定的差异,其余时间行为基本相似,且用Mann-Whitney U Test分析差异不显著（Z=-1.619,P＞0.05）.

The diurnal time budget and activity rhythm of 4 captive Asian elephants（ Elephas maximus） （3 ♀ ; 1♂ ）in Kuming zoo were observed and analyzed by the method of instantaneous scanning, all occurrence sampling and focal animal sampling from 13 January to 8 May 2012. Among the behaviors of feeding, movement, standing, resting, communication, emotion and others, feeding and movement were most frequently recorded. Time allocated to movement was higher than that for feeding and other behaviors accounted for less than 10%. Time allocated to movement（ 14% ）was lower than that for feeding （67%）for pregnant elephants. Male elephants showed roughly similar movement and feeding behavior patterns on weekdays and holidays. Females showed more movement on weekdays than holidays and this contrasted with feeding behaviors. Two obvious feeding peaks were recorded at 10： 00 -11 ： 00 and 14：00 -15：00 for females, and 11 ： 00 -12： 00 and 14： 00 -15： 00 for males. There was one evident movement peak at 13：00 -14：00 and one obvious activity valley at 14：00 -15： 00. For other behaviors, no differences were observed showed differences between 10 at other times was confirmed by n conclusion, the activity rhythm of female and male elephangs 10：00-11 ： 00 and 13： 00-14：00 during daytime, and similarity non-significance using the Mann-Whitney U Test.