扎龙保护区景观动态变化与丹顶鹤人为干扰分析

Analysis of the Impacts of Landscape Dynamics and Human Disturbance on Red-Crowned Crane in Zhalong National Nature Reserve

以2000年、2007年、2013年3期Landsat TM遥感影像为主要数据源,结合辅助资料对扎龙护区进行提取,在Erdas的支持下实现图像解译,分析景观变化.结果显示,2000～2013年,扎龙保护区沼泽湿地面积先减后增,但仍以沼泽为基质景观,沼泽面积受自然因素的影响很大;草地景观有所减少,耕地面积小幅度增加;明水面面积变化较大,主要受降水影响.以道路、居民地、耕地作为人为干扰源,选择适合的干扰距离对三者进行缓冲分析,探究人为干扰对丹顶鹤生境的影响程度.结果表明：人为干扰逐年加大,丹顶鹤适宜生境萎缩,针对扎龙湿地丹顶鹤栖息环境所面临的自然条件恶化与人为干扰加剧的问题,提出了保护与管理建议.

We used Landsat TM remote sensing images of 2000, 2007 and 2013 as major data sources and then interpreted images with the support of Erdas along with other auxiliary information to analyze the landscape dynamics of our study area. From 2000 to 2013, marsh wetland of Zhalong National Nature Reserve initially increased and then decreased. Marsh wetland was the landscape radix, the area of marsh wetland was largely influenced by natural factors. Grassland area decreased while farmland area increased slightly. The area of open water changed greatly, due mainly to annual variation in rainfall. To analyze the effect of human disturbance on red-crowned crane habitat, we considered roads, residences, and farmlands as the source of human disturb- ance and used buffer analysis with appropriate interference distance. Human disturbance increased each year while suitable habitat for red-crowned crane declined. Based on deteriorating habitat conditions due to increasing human disturbance at Zhalong, we propose actions for protection and management of red-crowned crane habitat.