测量不确定度的发展和应用研究

Research on Development and Application of Measurement Uncertainty

测量不确定度是表征赋予被测量的量值分散性的非负参数,是与测量结果相关联的参数,是对测量结果质量的定量表征,表明测量结果量值的可信程度。测量不确定度适用于各种准确度要求的各类科学技术与工程测量领域。测量不确定度的理论与应用研究逐步深化,正如国际单位制单位已经与各种测量紧密结合并在全世界普遍使用一样,测量不确定度必将在测量领域发挥更大的作用。测量不确定度的推广应用是一项具体而又艰巨的技术基础工作,涉及领域多、技术难度大,应得到足够重视。本文综述了测量不确定度概念、发展动态、主要评定方法、推广应用的必要性和对策。

Measurement uncertainty is a non-negative parameter characterizing the dispersion of the quantity values being attributed to a measurand, and it is associated with the measurement result and is the quantitative expression for the quality of the measurement result. Measurement uncertainty indicates the reliability of the measured values. Measurement uncertainty applies to all kinds of the measurement fields including science, technology, and engineering. The research on theory and application of meas-urement uncertainty have continuously been deepened. As the International System of Units has been closely linked with measurement and used all over the world, measurement uncertainty will play an im-portant role in the measurement fields. The spread of measurement uncertainty is a specific and hard and basic work, which is involved in many fields and is difficult, and then it should be paid attention. This article gives a good overview about development and application.