沙质土壤改良剂对科尔沁地区风沙土物理性质及玉米产量的影响

Effects of Soil Amendment on Soil Physical Properties and Maize Yield in Aeolian Sandy Soil of Khorchin Region

一次性在沙地施加沙质土壤改良剂,研究了其在不同年份对科尔沁沙地风沙土土壤团聚体含量、土壤贮水量以及玉米产量影响的长效机制。结果表明,各处理均能显著提高0—40cm土层间粒径大于0.25mm的团聚体含量,能促进粒径0.1-0.25mm小团聚体逐渐向粒径为0.25-0.5mm和粒径大于2mm的大团粒结构转变,其中以第4a的0—10cm土层处理表现最为明显,粒径0.1-0.25mm小团聚体较CK减少了34.55%,粒径0.25-0.5和大于2mm的大团粒结构分别较CK增加了1.63和12.31倍;在贮水量方面,施入土壤改良剂第3a,第4a,第2a以及第1a分别较CK提高了42.21%-48.48%,32.48%-38.11%,28.35%-34.3%和19.15%-29.47%;在产量方面,各处理间差异均显著,各处理较CK增产幅度在15.1%-59.62%。施加沙质土壤改良剂在前3a可逐年改善土壤团粒结构、贮水能力和提高产量,说明其具有显著的改土和增产效果。

Soil amendment was applied by one-time in aeolian sandy soil to study its long-term effects on physical properties and the yield of maize planted in the following years.The results showed that the sandy soil amendment treatments significantly improved soil aggregate content which particle size were greater than0.25 mm in 0—40cm soil layer,promoted the small particle size between 0.1-0.25 mm and enhanced the transformation of particles of 0.1-0.25 mm into 0.25-0.5mmand particles greater than 2mm,especially in0—10cm soil layer at the fourth year.Compared with CK,the soil particle size between 0.1-0.25 mm in0—10cm soil layer of the fourth annual treatment decreased by 34.55%,and the soil particle size in 0.25-0.5and greater than 2mm were increased by 1.63 times and 12.31 times than CK.The soil water content,increased by 42.21%-48.48%,32.48%-38.11%,28.35%-34.3% and 19.15%-29.47% compared to CK in the third,fourth and first year treatment.There was a significant differences among the treatments in maize yield,the yield of treatments increased by 15.1% -59.62% compared to CK.After the first three years,sandy soil amendment treatments applied could significantly improve soil aggregate structure,water storage capacity and maize yield,which showed that sandy soil amendment has remarkable effects on soil improving and yield-increasing.