山地土家族体质特征及动态分析

Analysis on Physique Characteristic and Dynamic of Tujia People in Montain Region

1)土家族身型相对较瘦小,但总体上营养状况并不差。体态健美,适应山地生活和劳作。在心肺、血管的功能及健康水平方面占有相当优势。擅长需要耐力的活动,而在柔韧性、灵活性、平衡、爆发力等运动能力上表现较差。2)土家族2010年比2005年在心血管功能及健康方面的优势得到加强,而身体素质方面的劣势也在加大。女子在形态方面的变化比男子要大。3)恩施土家族体质特征较接近于中国西南部的云贵高原和川渝山区居民的体质特征。恩施的海拔高度是山地土家族体质特征的主要环境影响因素。4)随着西部大开发,恩施经济迅速发展,恩施土家族体质水平随之提高。越是发展起步阶段,体质改善得越快,越往后,体质改善效果越明显。5)土家族主动参加锻炼的体育人口较少。生活较闲适散淡,生活节奏较慢,具有山地生活方式的特点。

First, the body model of Tujia is thinner, but its nutritional status is not poor, its posture is vigorous, adapt to life and labour in mountain area, have quite advantage on function and Health level of cardiopulmonary and vascellum, is good at endurance activities, but is not good at suppleness, flexibility, equilibrium, and explosive force. Second, its edge enhanced on function and health level of cardiopulmonary and vascellum, but its weaknesses increase on physical quality in 2010 than in 2005. Changes of women＇s shape are bigger than men＇s. Third, physical characteristics of Enshi Tujia close to mountainous area residents in Yunnan, Guizhou, Sichuan. The altitude in Enshi is main influence factor to physical fitness of Enshi Tujia. Fourth, rapid economic development improves the physical fitness of Enshi Tujia. Fifth, sports population of Tujia in Enshi mountainous area is less than other area.