河南省生态用水的空间分异特征研究

Spatial Variation of Ecological Water Utilization in Henan Province

收集河南省各县市的气象资料与土地利用、工农业生产等统计数据,利用Penman模型与河南省用水定额等方法计算出各县市的生态用水各项分量,利用GIS等工具分析其空间变异特征。结果表明,河南省生态用水平均为82 488.08×104m3,但变异系数较大,用水量较大的地区主要集中在南部、西部山区;生态用水密度平均为59.10×104m3/km2,其变异系数较小;生态用水量主要由生态环境需水量与水体蓄水量组成,与土地利用方式、气候条件、植被状况、国土面积等因素有关;排序分析表明,河南省生态用水大致可以分为用水量大但密度较小、用水量小但密度较大、用水量与密度均小3个区域。

Based on meteorological data,land utilization,statistic data of industrial and agricultural production,by using the method of water quota and the Penman model,this paper calculated the ecological water amount and its compo-nent of Henan Province,and then analyzed its spatial variation by GIS.The result showed that,the average ecological water amount was 82 488.08 ×104 m3 ,but the coefficient of variation was high.A larger value appeared in the Southern and Western mountainous region.The average ecological water density was 59.10 ×104 m3/km2 ,and coefficient of varia-tion was smaller.The ecological water amount was mainly composed of ecological demanded water and water body stor-age,which relative to land utilization,meteorological condition,vegetation statue and regional area.The cluster analysis result indicated that ecological water of Henan Province could be divided into 3 regions,which were higher amount with lower density,lower amount with higher density,and lower amount with lower density,respectively.