广东湛江湾优势真菌群落结构及其与理化因子的关系

Fungal community in Zhanjiang Bay of South China and its relationship with environmental factors

通过对2010年1月9日采自广东湛江湾的海水样品中真菌的分离培养和鉴定,发现第一优势属为枝孢属,包括球枝孢、枝状枝孢、芋枝孢、极细枝孢、尖孢枝孢、收窄枝孢、夏生枝孢7个种;第二优势属为青霉属,包括疣孢青霉、灰黄青霉、菌核青霉、嗜松青霉、棘孢青霉、简青霉6个种;第三优势属为侧齿霉属,仅白色侧齿霉一个种;第四优势属为曲霉属,包括土曲霉、棘孢曲霉、黄曲霉、烟曲霉4个种。从真菌种类的优势度来看,球枝孢为该海域第一优势种(7.97%),白色侧齿霉为第二优势种(3.60%),枝状枝孢为第三优势种(3.29%),疣孢青霉为第四优势种(3.04%)。鉴定出的收窄枝孢为中国新记录种。通过对菌株数量与理化因子的相关性分析发现,在19个站位的表层真菌数量与无机磷和硅酸盐呈显著正相关(P<0.05);表层侧齿霉属和曲霉属与总有机碳呈极显著正相关(P<0.01),曲霉属与p H呈极显著负相关(P<0.01),侧齿霉属与p H呈显著负相关(P<0.05),曲霉属与盐度呈显著负相关(P<0.05)。底层真菌数量与悬浮物呈极显著正相关(P<0.01),与总有机碳呈显著正相关(P<0.05),与p H呈显著负相关(P<0.05);底层枝孢属与悬浮物呈极显著正相关(P<0.01),侧齿霉属与溶解氧和总有机碳呈显著正相关(P<0.05),曲霉属与总有机碳呈显著正相关(P<0.05)。海水温度、油污和海水深度与真菌数量的相关性不明显。

Isolation and identification of seawater samples collected in Zhanjiang Bay, Guangdong Province, China in January 1, 2010 have yielded a variety of marine fungi. The most dominant genus was Cladosporium, in which C. sphaerospermum, C. cladosporioides, C. colocasiae, C. tenuissimum, C. oxysporum, C. perangustum, and C. uredinicola were common; Penicillium,including P. verruculosum, P. griseofulvum, P. sclerotiorum, P. pinophilum, P. aculeatum, and P. simplicissimum, was of the se‐cond dominance. Engyodontium with a single species, E. album, ranked third, while Aspergillus, including A. terreus, A. acule‐atus, A. flavus, and A. fumigatus, came fourth. As for dominant rate, the dominant species were C. sphaerospermum（7.97%）, E. album（3.60%）, C. cladosporioides（3.29%）, and P. verruculosum（3.04%）. C. perangustum was a newly recorded species in China. In all 19 sampling sites, the fungal population in the sea surface showed significant positive correlation to PO3‐4‐P or Si O2‐3‐Si. There was also significant positive correlation between population of Engyodontium and Aspergillus and total organic carbon（TOC）. Significant negative correlation was showed between the population of Aspergillus and Engyodontium and pH, and be‐tween Aspergillus population and salinity. It showed significant positive correlation between the population of sea bottom fungi and TOC and suspended substance. Significant positive correlation was evident between population of Cladosporium and sus‐pended substance, between population of Engyodontium and dissolved oxygen and TOC, and between population of Aspergillus and TOC. Significant negative correlation was present between the population of sea bottom fungi and pH. The correlation was not significant between the population of fungi and water temperature, sea depth, or greasy dirt.