医务人员艾滋病职业暴露及防护现状调查

Investigation on HIV Occupational Exposure and Self-protection of Health Care Workers

目的了解医务人员艾滋病防治知识水平、日常防护措施落实以及对职业暴露预防知识掌握情况,为在医务人员中进一步开展健康教育提供依据.方法自行设计调查问卷对施甸县415名医务人员进行艾滋病知识与职业防护现状调查.结果医务人员对艾滋病传播途径知识掌握较好,非传播途径的正确回答率低于传播途径;诊疗过程中被医疗器械划伤或刺伤皮肤的发生率为43.9%,55.4%的医务人员对已经使用过的针头回套针头套;职业暴露防护能力较低,只有67.5%的医务人员遵循普遍性预防原则,处理医务人员血液或体液时每次都戴手套的比例为79.3%,每次诊疗前后都洗手的比例为87.7%.医务人员对艾滋病患者和感染者的态度比较消极,部分存在恐惧和歧视心理,只有67.5%的医务人员面对艾滋病患者或HIV感染者时不会感到恐惧,65.3%的医务人员愿意与其继续交往,86.3%的医务人员能接受他们到医院看一般病,70.1%的医务人员知道患者是艾滋病仍愿意为其治疗,只有26.7%的医务人员认为不应将艾滋病患者隔离并集中治疗.结论应有所侧重地加强艾滋病职业防护知识的宣传教育,努力消除对艾滋病患者的歧视和恐惧.

Objective To explore the status of knowledge related to HIV occupational exposure and self-protection in health care workers and provide evidence for further education and training. Methods Self-designed questionnaire were used to investigate in a total 415 health care workers of Shidian County, which contained knowledge about HIV occupational exposure and self-protection. Results The accurate response rate of the knowledge about transmission of HIV among health care workers was very high, the recognizing rate of non-transmission way was lower than that of the transmission way. 43.9% of the health workers had been cut or stabbed the skin by the medical instruments during the diagnosis and treatment, 55.4% of them put the needle into the needle sleeve after use it. However, the recognizing rate of the knowledge about HIV occupational exposure and self-protection among health workers was very low, only 67.5% of them follow universal precautionary principle, 79.3% of them wear gloves when they deal with the patients＇ blood or other body fluids each time, 87.7% of them wash their hands before and after treatment each time. The medical staff was generally of negative attitude to AIDS patients and HIV infected persons, and a part of them were of dreaded and discriminating mind, only 67.5% of them didn＇t feel fear when they facing the AIDS patients, 65.3% of them would like to contact with the patients, 86.3% of them could accept AIDS patients seeking treatment for the general disease, 70.1% of them still willing to provide treatment for them even know they are AIDS patients, only 26.7% of them thought that the AIDS patients should not be isolated and concentrated treatment. Conclusion It is urgent to strengthen the training about knowledge of HIV occupational exposure and self-protection among health workers, and efforts should be made to eliminate discrimination and dread of AIDS.