长沙市土地覆盖变化及地表温度响应研究

Study on soil temperature variation of Changsha city land

土地覆盖是影响地表温度重要因素之一。研究快速城市化地区土地覆盖与温度变化之间关系具有重要意义。文章通过多时段的遥感数据，研究了长沙市土地覆盖类型的变化情况，并结合LANDSAT5的热红外波段反演了地表温度，通过遥感与GIS技术结合，分析1996-2009年长沙地区土地覆盖变化及地表温度响应，结果表明：1996-2009年间长沙市城市建设用地增幅为54.47%，耕地数量较1996年减少了16.83%。伴随着土地覆盖的剧烈变化，各用地类型的地表温度均有不同程度的增加。其中：城市、建设用地、林地、水田、旱地、未利用的地表覆盖温度分别增加了1.16、1.33、1.22、2.73、0.01摄氏度。

Land cover is one of the important factors affecting the surface temperature. Research on the relationship between rapid urbanization and land cover change in temperature region is of great significance. Through multi period remote sensing data, the paper studied the changes of land cover types of Changsha, inversed the surface temperature by combining LANDSAT5 thermal infrared band, obtained the condition of Changsha land cover changes in temperature via combination of remote sensing and GIS. The results shows that：（1） During 1996-2009, the temperature of each category of land were increased in different levels;（2） Among them , the expansion of city which makes the temperature difference between city and river enlarged, the temperature has increased 1.16 degrees Celsius;（3） Using the characteristics of remote sensing is easy to identify the city, combined with the surface temperature inversion, provides an effective method for the surface temperature for the evaluation of city expansion.