扩大免疫后中国免疫规划工作面临的机遇与挑战

After expanding the opportunities and challenges facing the EPI immunization of China

预防接种是有效预防控制乃至消灭某些传染病的最经济和最有效手段。建国初期,我国就确立了"预防为主"的卫生工作方针,并于1960年消灭了天花。自1978年起实施儿童计划免疫,于1988、1990和1995年先后实现了以省、县、乡为单位儿童"四苗"接种率达到85%的目标,可免疫性疾病的发病率大幅度下降。2000年顺利实现无脊髓灰质炎目标。2002年乙肝疫苗纳入儿童计划免疫。2008年实施国家扩大免疫规划,把乙脑、流脑、甲肝纳入儿童免疫规划。目前我国正处于构建社会主义和谐社会和全面建成小康社会的重要时期,免疫规划工作作为我国卫生事业成效最为显著、影响最为广泛的工作之一,正确分析扩大免疫后免疫规划工作面临的机遇与挑战,合理制定应对策略,以进一步促进我国免疫规划工作持续向前发展,具有重要的意义。

Vaccination is an effective prevention and control of infectious diseases and even eliminates some of the most economical and most effective means, after the founding of our country established a＂prevention＂of health policy, and the eradication of smallpox in 1960. Implementation of EPI since 1978, in 1988, 1990 and 1995 have achieved the goal of provincial, county and township as a unit for children ＂four seedlings＂ vaccination rate of 85%, the incidence of autoimmune diseases can greatly decrease.2000 successfully achieve polio-free goal. 2002 hepatitis B vaccine into childhood immunization, 2008 implementation of the Expanded Program on Immunization, the Japanese encephalitis, meningitis, hepatitis A immunization programs for children included. At present, China is in building a harmonious society and building a moderately prosperous society in an important period of socialism, immunization planning as China＇s most significant public health achievements, the impact of one of the most extensive work correctly after analyzing the opportunities and challenges facing EPI＇s reasonable develop coping strategies to further promote the work of immunization programs continue to move forward, is of great significance.