职住分离的行业差异及其影响因素——以北京都市区为例

Sector Differences in Jobs-Housing Mismatch and Their Causes:A Case Study of Beijing Metropolitan Area

本文以北京都市区为例,利用各街道就业数据和人口数据,通过计算18个行业门类的空间错位指数及各行业人口居住与就业空间分布特征,分析不同行业间职住分离的差异,并探讨造成这些差异的主要原因。研究发现,不同行业间职住分离状况存在明显不同,其中第二产业要明显比第三产业严重,同时第三产业内部各行业间也存在十分明显的差异。不同行业就业的郊区化进程及其集聚状况,成为行业间职住分离差异的最主要影响因素。

This article analyzes the heterogeneity of the jobs-housing mismatch features among sectors in the Beijing Metropolitan Area and explores the causes of it. Using the relevant and comparable census data of employment and residential population in each sub-distrlct of the Beijing Metropolitan Area, we calculated the Spatial Mismatch Index of 18 sectors and detected their spatial distribution patterns. Through the results we found that the jobs-housing mismatch situation of each sector is dissimilar. The jobs-housing mismatch in the secondary industry is more serious than that in the tertiary industry, and the mismatch among the sectors in the tertiary industry is also heterogeneous. The dominant cause of these dissimilarities is the unbalanced suburbanization and agglomeration patterns among sectors. Besides that, institutional disparities and uneven reform processes, proportions of immigrants, and the different quality of employees in the sectors also contribute to the heterogeneity.