淹涝胁迫对水稻形态的影响

Effects of different submersed stress on rice morphological characteristics

为探明水稻关键生育期形态特征对淹涝胁迫环境的敏感性,以常规稻湘早籼45为供试材料,分别在分蘖期、拔节期、抽穗期、乳熟期等4个生育期,设计不同淹水深度及淹水持续时间的淹涝胁迫试验,利用数理统计方法分析淹涝胁迫对湘早籼45的茎、叶等形态特征的影响。结果表明:1)与淹前相比,淹涝处理后0 d时,2/3淹处理在乳熟期的绿叶数减少最明显,3/3淹处理在分蘖期的减少最不明显,4个生育期均是2/3淹处理较3/3淹处理减少明显;淹后2 d时,各生育期绿叶数变化情况存在明显差异。2)除乳熟期外的其余3个生育期均存在高位分蘖情况,在拔节期最明显,其次是在抽穗期,且3/3淹处理的高位分蘖率高于2/3淹处理的。3)除乳熟期外的其余3个生育期均有增茎发生,且在分蘖期增茎最明显。4)根倒伏主要发生在乳熟期,其余3个生育期在淹涝3 d以后均出现根倒伏、茎倒伏或根茎倒伏并存的现象;气生根仅出现在抽穗期;卷叶现象出现在分蘖期和拔节期。5)在分蘖期和拔节期,淹水处理时间越长,叶鞘越长,且3/3淹处理较2/3淹处理的明显。

To know of the sensitivity of morphological characteristics of rice on water-logging stress, the submersed experiments with different depth and duration using rice variety of Xiangzaoxian 45 were designed during the key growth stages of tillering, jointing, heading and milky stage. The morphological characteristics impacted by water-logging stress, such as stems, leaves et al., were analyzed with mathematical statistics methods. The results showed that the number of green leave at the milky stage was reduced the most with two-thirds flood submergence in 0 day, on the contrast, it did not obviously decrease with full flood at tillering stage; while, it was reduced more obviously with treatment of two-thirds flood than that of with full flood at all growth stages; The number of green leave became great difference after two days submergence at all stages. It appeared to be a trait of tillering at higher nodal position at all stages except for at milky stage under submergence, and this trait exhibited even more obviously at jointing stage, followed by at heading stage. The tillering rate with full flood treatment was higher than that of with two-thirds flood. Root lodging was mainly occurred at milky stage, while, root lodging, stalk lodging and rhizomes lodging coexisted at the other three stages after three days＇ water-logging. Aerial roots appeared only at heading stage, leaf-roll, while, occurred at tillering and jointing stages. The longer the time of flooding duration, the longer of leaf sheath would grow at tillering and jointing stages.