晚清至民国时期异装现象及其性别意识研究

Study of Cross-Dressing Phenomenon and Gender Consciousness from the Late Qing Dynasty to the Period of the Republic of China

异装现象自古有之,在不同的历史阶段有其对应的特点和原因。晚清至民国作为中国近代社会的历史转折期,其重要性影响到了中国服饰文化的重大变迁。其中异装现象是晚清至民国时期"变服"的重要组成部分。文章从"女扮男装"的角度讨论了当时的异装现象,并从"低级动机"、"高尚动机"与"时髦动机"的角度分析了其心理成因,并试图揭示晚清至民国时期异装现象与性别意识之间的相互关系,同时透过这层关系来分析当时异装现象的形成原因。

Cross-dressing phenomenon has appeared since ancient times.It has corresponding characteristics and reasons in different historical stages.As a transition period of modern Chinese society（from the late Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China）,its importance influenced the significant change of Chinese costume culture.The cross-dressing phenomenon which happened in late Qing Dynasty to the period of the Republic of China is an important part of the＂suit＂.This article discusses the cross-dressing phenomenon from the perspective of ＂a woman disguised as a man＂at that time,and analyses its psychological causes from the＂low-level motivation＂,＂noble motives＂and＂stylish motivation＂,and tries to reveal the relationship between the cross-dressing phenomenon and gender consciousness from the late Qing Dynasty to the period of the republic of China so as to seethe reasons for the formation of cross-dressing phenomenon at that time through such relationship.