唐君毅先生之船山人性论浅释(上)——探《船山之尊生尊气与尊情才义》

An Investigation on Tang Junyi's Article Chuanshan's Respect for Life,for Qi,and for Affection

当代新儒家中,牟宗三先生看中船山的历史哲学,认为蕺山是宋明理学的殿军,故牟先生对于船山学总是忽略之;徐复观先生的精神则放在先秦及两汉;相对于此,唐君毅先生对于船山学很能有其相应的理解,故唐先生的船山学值得探讨。唐先生并不强调宋明理学的分系,认为张子与船山为气论一派,而不同程朱陆王。唐先生的船山学,重视船山的天道论与人性论,船山特重人成,故吾人亦谈唐先生对于人道论的阐发。此文中,唐先生并未引船山原文,主要就其心中的船山印象作一发挥,然大致可以看出,主要是以《张子正蒙注》为背景所作的论述。《张子正蒙注》谈变化气质、气质之性,船山亦有文字诠释之,而唐先生能分别出张子与船山所重注之性之不同。依此吾人把唐先生此文作一分析与探讨,以见唐先生所侧重的船山学之面向。

This paper intended to interpret Tang Junyi＇ s study on Chuanshan, and selected the article of Chapter of Original Nature for interpretation. In contemporary Neo-Confucianism, Tang Junyi properly interpreted Chuanshan＇ s theory, as compared with Mou Zongsan, who attached importance to the historical philosophy of Chuanshan. While for the study of Song-Ming Neo-Confucianism, Mr Mu held that Jishan was the hard core of Song-Ming Neo-Confucianism, where Chuanshan was excluded. Therefore, Mou Zongsan always ignored study on Chuanshan. Xu Fuguan was ＂devoted to study on philosophy of Pre-Qin and Han Dynasties. As a result, Tang Junyi＇ s Chuanshan study is worthy of investigation. Tang Junyi＇ s study put little stress on the factions of Song-Ming Neo-Confucianism. Actually, it was different from the three-faction of Mou Zongsan, who suggested that Chang Tzu and Chuanshan belonged to the faction of Qi philosophy and were different from Cheng-Zhu school and Lu-Wang school. Tang Junyi＇ s Chuanshan study attached importance to the way of heaven and the way of human nature. Chuanshan particularly attached importance to human nature. Therefore, this study also intends to investigate how Tang Junyi elaborated the way of human nature. In this article, Tang Junyi did not quote the original text of Chuanshan, and mainly elaborated his own impression of Chuanshan. However, it can be seen that Tang Junyi mainly interpreted Chuanshan based on Chang Tzu Cheng Meng. Chang Tzu Cheng Meng focused on change in temperament and nature of temperament, to which Chuanshan also provided textual annotations. Tang Junyi could distinguish the differences in nature between Chang Tzu and Chuanshan. Based on these elements, this study analyzes and investigates this article of Tang Junyi＇ s so as to reflect the aspects of Chuanshan＇ s philosophy on which Tang Junyi focused.