净土观念与中国农村社会的变迁

Pure Land Idea and Changes of Chinese Rural Society

从关乎人生和社会的进路与走向,具有目的论性质的净土观念来看,中国佛教理论发展贯穿的一条主线,就是从人间与净土的隔绝对立,走向人间与净土的深度融合。这条主线的现实转化就是通过文化运动、治国护国、乡村建设、生态建设、统筹城乡等实践,使农与非、城与乡以及天与人、心与物、身与家等从对立走向融合。这种理论与实践的相应,反映了佛教的慈悲济世、众生平等、利乐有情等价值追求以及化否定为肯定的逻辑方法、化出世为入世的行为方式、化内在为外在的超越路径,在改变中国农村社会面貌和农民生存状态中的具体运用;反映了中国佛教在与儒道西学等互动中的与时俱进,以及最终走向适应和支持社会主义的理论自觉。中国梦是人间净土观念的转化表达,中国佛教能适应和支持中国梦的实现。

In the view of pure land idea characterized with the attention to human life and society progress, Chinese Bud- dhist theory develops from the isolation of maffs world from the pure land to the integration of the both. The transforma- tion depends on practices such as culture movement, governing and protecting the nation, rural construction, ecological improvement and urban and rural balanced development to integrate agriculture and non--agriculture, urban and rural, heaven and man, soul and objects, individuals and the family. The theory and relevant practice reveals the application of Buddhism value--benevolence, equality, benefit and happiness, and the logic thoughts of transforming negative to posi- tive, the behaving ways of transforming outside of the world to inside of the world, the superior course of transforming interior to exterior, which had been specifically used to change Chinese rural society and farmers＂ survival state. It also in- dicates the advancement of Chinese Buddhism in the interaction with Confucianism, Taoism and some western theories and the awareness of adapting and assisting the socialism. Chinese Dream is the transformed expression of the pure land idea so Chinese Buddhism can adapt and support Chinese dream to become the reality.