中国出口大国转型的要素禀赋分析

Analysis of Factor Endowments in the Transformation of China's Export

改革开放以来中国经济的快速发展是与出口导向战略分不开的,但是近年来出口增速的连续下滑凸显了出口拉动模式面临的瓶颈。分析发现,中国出口面临的内外部压力与其要素禀赋密切相关,其中内部压力主要是劳动力数量减少、潜在劳动人口供给不足、工资水平上升;外部压力则集中体现为FDI流入下滑。中国出口大国转型的关键在于顺应要素禀赋结构的变化,从一般劳动密集型产品的出口向知识劳动密集型、技术密集型产品的出口升级,实现从粗放型出口增长向集约型出口增长的转变。

The rapid growth of Chinese economy since China's reform and opening up is inseparable from its export-oriented strategy.China overtook Germany in 2009 to become world' s largest exporter. However,in recent years,a continuous decline in export growth shows that the export-led model faces some bottlenecks. Analysis finds that the internal and external pressure facing China's export is closely linked to its factor endowments. The internal pressure is mainly embodied in the decline of labor force,insufficient supply of potential labor and rise in wages. The external pressure is mainly manifested in the decline of FDI inflows. The key to the transformation of China's export is to adapt to the changes in the factor endowments structure,to upgrade the export of labor-intensive products to the export of knowledge-intensive and technology-intensive products,thus achieving the transformation from extensive mode of export growth to intensive mode of export growth.