棉花对淹水胁迫的适应机制

Mechanisms for Adapting to Waterlogging Stress in Cotton

淹涝是造成棉花减产的重要灾害因素。在淹水胁迫下,棉花的生长发育会受到不利影响,中、重度持续淹水还会引起棉花减产甚至绝产。但是,棉株自身具有完整的适应保护机制,遭受淹水胁迫后通过启动逃避机制、静止适应机制和再生调节补偿机制,适应淹水胁迫、减少涝害损失。本文重点就棉花对淹水胁迫的3个适应机制进行了详细论述,就淹水胁迫对棉花生长发育、生理特性和产量性状的影响以及缓解棉花淹水伤害的主要措施与方法也作了简要评述。

Waterlogging is one of the major hazardous abiotic stresses which have dramatically negative impacts on cotton pro- ductivity. Waterlogging adversely affects plant growth and development of cotton, which may further result in considerable yield loss or crop failure when a moderate or a long and heavy waterlogging occurs. As one of the plant species with indeterminate growth habit, cotton has a series of mechanisms to protect itself t^om yield loss through adapting to waterlogging conditions. These waterlogging-adaptive mechanisms include escaping strategy, quiescent adaptive strategy and regeneration-compensation strategy. In this paper, we focused on the three strategies of cotton associated with tolerance and adaption to waterlogging. The adverse effects ofwaterlogging on plant growth and development, physiological traits, yield traits of cotton and measures in miti- gating the adverse effects of waterlogging stress were also concisely reviewed.