计及碳排放的电力工业与火电行业生态效率实证分析(2001—2011)

An Empirical Study on Eco-efficiency of Electric Utility Industry Based on Carbon Emissions( 2001—2011)

提升生态效率是促进我国电力工业特别是火电行业节能减排与持续健康发展的主要途径。利用2001—2011年全国电力工业和火电行业的发电量、装机容量、从业人员、原料投入和SO2、CO2排放数据,采用数据包络分析方法计算整个电力工业和火电行业的生态效率,结果表明:火电为主的行业结构是影响电力工业生态效率的主要因素。将生态效率分解为经济效率和环境效率,采用Tobit回归分析方法分析电力工业与火电行业的生态效率、经济效率与环境效率之间的计量关系,结果表明:经济效率对生态效率存在负向的影响,进一步提高电力工业的经济效率将使生态效率降低;而环境效率对生态效率存在正向影响,火电行业的环境问题是影响整个电力工业生态效率的主要因素。

To improve eco - efficiency of the power industry is an effective way of energy conservation and emission abate- ment; it＇ s also the basis for sustainable and sound development for the power industry, especially for the thermal power sectors. The model of data envelopment analysis （DEA） is applied to figure out the eco - efficiency of the power generation industry using the industrial data of generating capacity, installed capacity, labors, energy and emission of SO2, CO2 from 2001 to 2011. The result shows that the generation structure dominated by thermal power affects the eco -efficiency of the power industry. The eco -efficiency is decomposed and the Tobit regression model is used to analyze the relations between eco - efficiency, economic efficiency and environmental efficiency. The result shows that the economic efficiency has a neg- ative impact on the eco - efficiency; further improving the economic efficiency will lower the eco - efficiency of electric power industry. The environmental efficiency has a positive influence on the eco - efficiency ; and the environmental prob- lems of the thermal power sectors are the main factors affecting the eco - efficiency of the electric power industry.