2014年我国蛋鸡产业状况及发展趋势

Current Situation and Development Trends of Chinese Egg Industry in 2014

我国蛋鸡产业养殖规模和鸡蛋产量长期稳居世界第一,但小规模养殖占主体的生产方式使鸡蛋价格频繁出现波动,对生产和消费造成一定冲击。2014年我国蛋鸡存栏下降,鸡蛋供求处于紧平衡状态,导致鸡蛋价格大幅上涨。本文从生产、市场、成本、收益4个方面深入分析了这一热点问题,探讨了影响鸡蛋价格的主要因素。预计2015年蛋鸡存栏量将处于增长期,鸡蛋价格会走低,养殖效益低于2014年。最后,为继续推动我国蛋鸡产业发展,笔者提出了6点发展建议。

China has been the world＇s teading country in egg production for three decades. However, layer production pattern in China is mainly traditional where most eggs are produced from small household farming system. This results in abrupt changes in the price of eggs over years, leading to significant effects to egg production and consumption. In 2014 the stocking number of layers decreased by nearly 5%, which made a tight balance in supply and demand for table eggs. As a result, the average egg price made a high record and the profit for egg industry was very significant during the past decade. In this review, hot topics of layer industry in 2014 are analyzed with the survey data of layers production in China, and the main factors affecting the price of eggs are discussed. It is predicted that the stocking number of layers are increasing in 2015, and therefore the price would decrease to a reasonable level. Some suggestions are presented for the sustainable development of egg industry in China.