我国农业政策如何取向：例证美农业法案调整

Chinese Agricultural Policy Orientation:Focusing on the Changes of the US Agricultural Act

美国2014年农业法案提高补贴效能,注重因地制宜;调控手段更加市场化,有望避免贸易争端;突出了农业保险作用,注重农业风险管理;强化了中长期农业支持,全面提升农业竞争力;更注重政策公平性,充分体现民生取向。该法案启示我们:政策制定重法治、政策取向市场化、风险管理多层次、支持发展可持续等是农业政策的基本演变趋势。我国应加快农业发展规划和立法,加大农业支持力度,改革农业政策手段,减少对市场扭曲,完善农业保险,强化农业风险管理,调整农业政策目标,促进农业可持续发展。

The 2014 US Agricultural Act makes many changes in Crop Commodity Programs, Crop Insurance, Conservation Programs, Research, Extension, Bioenergy, Rural Development, Beginning Farmers and Ranchers. These changes try to increase the efficiency of the subsidy,pay more attention to adjust measures to local conditions, make regulation means more market-oriented that maybe avoid trade disputes, highlight the agricultural insurance that pay more attention to agricultural risk management, strengthen the agricultural support for the medium and long term that improve agricultural competitiveness in all-round way, Pay more attention to policy fairness that fully embody caring the people＇s livelihood orientation. The adjustment of the new Agricultural Act enlightens us that： policy-making should be on the principle of rule of law, policy tools should be marketization, the risk management should be in different levels of combination, supporting the development should be sustainable. So China should speed up agricultural development planning and legislation, increase agricultural support, reform agricultural policy to reduce market distortions, perfect the agricultural insurance to strengthen the agricultural risk management, adjust agricultural policy goals to promote the sustainable development of agriculture.