基于红外相机陷阱技术的蒙新河狸(Caster fiber birulai)活动节律

Activity Rhythms of Sino-Mongolia Beaver( Caster fiber birulai) Measured with Infrared Camera Traps in Xinjiang,China

2013年4—11月,在新疆布尔根河狸自然保护区5个蒙新河狸家族内布设20台远红外相机,共拍摄蒙新河狸有效照片4 991张。采用4种啮齿类动物活动模式指数(日活动强度差异指数α,夜行性指数β,峰值指数γ,活动强度指数θ)分析蒙新河狸不同季节活动节律。结果表明:除4月、11月外,蒙新河狸日活动差异不大;蒙新河狸各时间段夜行性指数β值均高于0.542,表明蒙新河狸属于典型夜行性动物;4—10月,蒙新河狸活动模式呈典型的双峰型,20:00—22:00和次日6:00—8:00有2个明显的活动高峰。11月,由于河狸家族之间栖息地环境不同,水流、水文差异导致河面结冰速度不同,双峰特征也不明显。在布尔根河狸自然保护区,由于河谷林茂密和蒙新河狸的夜行性,用传统方法不易获得蒙新河狸的活动信息,而红外相机陷阱技术较少受到环境条件和研究人员的限制,可为蒙新河狸的长期监测提供有效的技术手段。

From April to November 2013,20 infrared cameras were set in five Caster fiber birulai families,and total 4 911 pictures of C. f. birulai were taken in the Buergen Beaver Nature Reserve of Xinjiang,China. Four kinds of rodent activity patterns indices（ Day intensity differences index α,nocturnal index β,peak index γ,and activity intensity index θ） were used in the research. The results showed that： the difference of the day activities of C. f.birulai was not significant except for the months of April and November; nocturnal indices β of C. f. birulai were higher than 0. 542 in each time period,which indicated that C. f. birulai belonged to a typical nocturnal animal.From April to October,the activities peaks were occurred at 20： 00- 22： 00 at night and 6： 00- 8： 00 in the next morning. Due to the differences of the habitat environments among C. f. birulai families,bimodal feature was not obvious in November. Because of the nocturnal activity of C. f. birulai and the dense forest in Buergen Beaver Nature Reserve of Xinjiang,activity data of C. f. birulai were not easy to obtain by traditional methods. While,the infrared triggered cameras technology can be less affected by environments,and can provide an effective long-term monitoring method for C. f. briulai and other wild animals in the future.