国家权力、企业家精神与企业经营——以通用机器有限公司(1946~1949)为例

State Power,Entrepreneurship and Business Operation:A Case from General Machinery Manufacturing Corporation(1946-1949)

通用机器有限公司是国民政府资源委员会在抗战胜利后创办于上海的国有机械制造企业。资源委员会委派私营企业家马雄冠作为公司负责人,并肯定了马雄冠的"纯商业化"经营路线,使公司能边基建边投产运营,缓解了资金压力,在恶劣的局势下取得较好的成绩。尽管马雄冠为公司注入了企业家精神,但公司的销路问题有赖于资源委员会的重工业建设,其技术引进也由资源委员会负担了大笔先期资金,因此,该公司的成功是良好政企关系的产物。

General Machinery Manufacturing Corporation was a state-owned machinery manufacturing enterprise founded in Shanghai by National Resources Commission （NRC） after the anti-Japanese war. NRC appointed Ma Xiongguan,a private entrepreneur, to take charge of this enterprise, and adopts his＂pure commercialization＇operation concept. Thus,this enterprise was able to deal with infrastructures and manufacture machine at the same time, which greatly alleviatesd the stress and brings some ber^efits in a severe circumstance. Though Ma Xiongguan infused entrepreneurship into this enterprise, the sale of manufactured products mainly relied on NRC＇s heavy industry construction. NRC also shoulderd a large sum of anticipated money in introducing technology. Therefore, the success of this enterprise is the product of good relationship between the government and enterprises.