技术创新在城市经济增长中的作用

Discussion on the role of technology innovation in economic growth

通过选取2010年我国地级及以上城市为样本,采用空间计量模型考察了技术创新对城市经济增长的作用。研究结果表明,在控制了其他经济增长因素后,反映技术创新的专利授权水平对城市经济增长具有显著的促进作用。不过,技术创新的作用还不及物质资本及其它经济增长因素的作用,这说明当前我国仍处于主要依靠物质资本促进经济增长的发展阶段。制度是影响经济增长的重要因素,过度的政府干预会阻碍城市经济增长。基础设施对城市经济增长具有促进作用,但对经济增长的贡献远不及基础设施的直接投资效应。大多数城市的规模可能尚未达到规模集聚经济的门槛,因而表现为规模不经济。城市经济增长还存在明显的空间依赖性,表现出较强的空间临近溢出效应。

This essay selects cities at prefecture level or above of China in 2010 as samples, using spatial econometric models to examine the influence of technology innovation which is measured by the number of patent grants on the urban economic growth. The results show that technology innovation has played a significant role on promoting urban economic growth after controlling other factors of economic growth. However, the influence of technology innovation is not as great as physical capital and other factors of economic growth, indicating China is still at the development stage that economic growth relies on physical capital. Institution is an important factor that influences urban economic growth and excessive government intervention would hinder economic growth. Infrastructure has a positive in- fluence on urban economic growth, but the contribution to economic efficiency is far less than the direct effects of infrastructure investment. The size of most cities may not reach the threshold of agglomeration economies of scale, and thus they perform diseconomies of scale. Urban economic growth also has significant spatial dependence and shows strong spatial approaching spillover effect. Considering the need for long - term urban economic growth, the government should improve local technology innovation level vigorously by shaping the body and institutional environment which is conductive to technology innovation.