艾森豪威尔政府秘密支持印尼“外岛叛乱”的缘起

The Rationale of Eisenhower Administration's Secret Support for the Outer Islands Rebellion in Indonesia

20世纪50年代中期,美国对印度尼西亚"外岛叛乱"的秘密干涉,既是影响美国和印尼关系发展的重大事件,也是研究冷战时期美国与不结盟国家关系的重要课题。"外岛叛乱"爆发后,美国政府原本希望通过秘密支持外岛势力,阻止印尼向共产主义靠拢,但被美国寄予厚望的叛军迅速被印尼政府击败,而共产党在印尼的影响力进一步上升。与此同时,美国与印尼的友好关系因中央情报局隐蔽行动的暴露出现裂痕。事实证明,美国选择支持"外岛叛乱"势力,是艾森豪威尔政府为扭转在印尼的被动局面做出的"投机性"抉择。美国对印尼政策调整遭遇连续"挫败",是导致艾森豪威尔政府采取投机政策的主要原因。其根源在于美国的冷战遏制战略与印尼不结盟政策之间的错位,以及美国政府对印尼内政外交的严重误读。

In the middle of the 1950s,the secret interference of the United States in the Outer Islands Rebellion was a major event in the American-Indonesian relationship and an important topic in the research of the relationship between the U.S.and non-allied countries during the cold war.After the outbreak of the Outer Islands Rebellion,insurgents were promptly defeated by the Indonesian government,which forestalled supports of the U.S.for the rebels to check communism in Indonesia and resulted in the increasing domestic influence of the Indonesian Communist Party.Meanwhile,the affiliation between the U.S.and Indonesia was marred by the divulgence of CIA secretive operations.Historically speaking,it was a ' speculative' move for the Eisenhower government to reverse the disadvantageous situation it met in Indonesia by sustaining the rebellion,which was largely caused by continuous failures in America's Indonesia policy adjustments.It was ultimately resulted from the disparity between America's policy of containment and Indonesia's policy of non-alignment,and the misinterpretation of Indonesian domestic and foreign policies.