对盟国的抵制与索取:战后初期日本的领土政策(1945—1951)

The Resistance to and Requirement on the Allied Powers:The Territorial Policy of Japan in the Early Postwar Era,1945-1951

日本作为第二次世界大战的发起国与战败国,按照盟国《开罗宣言》的规定,"其以暴力或贪欲所攫取之所有土地"都应被剥夺,但战后已被盟国从日本领土剥离出来的琉球群岛、小笠原群岛等又被美国私相授受给了日本。其根源在于,日本对殖民扩张和侵略战争没有进行彻底清算,殖民主义的意识形态仍在影响着日本政界,导致日本在战后实施的领土政策不是心甘情愿地放弃侵占的邻国领土,而是抵制盟国对日本领土的处置,甚至向盟国索要领土。尤其是冷战爆发后,日本巧妙地利用盟国分裂之机,向美国争取到了对琉球群岛拥有"剩余主权"的承诺,实现了与美国等国的片面媾和,为日后美日私相授受琉球群岛、小笠原群岛等做了铺垫,同时也为中日、苏(俄)日、韩日领土争端埋下了伏笔。

Japan,as a culprit and vanquished country of the World War Two,should,according to the Cairo Declaration,have been 'expelled from all the territories which she has taken by violence and greed'.However,the Ryukyu Islands and the Ogasawara Islands,after a short term of control by the Allies,were reverted to Japan by the United States unauthorizedly.The reason was that colonialism and jingoism were not completely deracinated from Japanese ideology,which resulted in its reluctance in the renunciation of illegally occupied territories,resistance to the decisions of the Allies,and even active request of territories.After the beginning of the cold war,Japan tactfully made use of the rift between the Allies,receiving the control and the promise of 'residual sovereignty' of Ryukyu Islands from the U.S.It was a partial reconciliation between Japan and the U.S.,which adumbrated the later territorial disputes between Japan and its neighbors.