近代早期英国的土地流转——以修道院地产为例

The Land Transfer in the Early Modern England

近代早期,英国是一个农本社会,土地是最重要的财产,由土地流转引发的土地所有权变更对英国乡村社会关系造成冲击。在宗教改革中,遍布英国的修道院遭到解散,修道院地产被投入市场重新分配,这是近代早期英国最大规模的土地流转。各个社会阶层都积极参与到土地交易中去,但这些修道院土地主要流向以乡绅和富裕农民约曼为代表的乡村中间阶层。他们在土地流转中积累了财富,在经营土地的过程中巩固了土地产权,增强了综合实力,成为不同于贵族和一般农民的社会阶层。

The early Modern England was basically an agricultural society.Land was the property with utmost importance.The transfer of land ownership had great impact on social relations in rural England.During the Reformation,many monasteries across England were dismissed,and the land owned by them was commercialized and redistributed,leading to the most extensive land transfer in the early modern England.Although various social classes participated in the land trade,land was mainly purchased by rural middle class,represented by squires and rich peasants.With the accumulation of wealth and the strengthening of landownership in their husbandry,they grew into a new social class distinct from the aristocrats and common peasants.