我国非国有制造业企业就业容量研究——以大中型上市公司为例

Study on Employment of Non-state-owned Manufacture Industry of China——Taking Large and Medium Listed Companies as Examples

非国有制造业对我国各地经济发展和劳动就业具有重要的影响,文章对市场经济环境条件下我国非国有大中型制造业企业的就业容量问题进行了研究,具体通过对我国810家非国有大中型制造业上市企业进行分析。研究发现企业职工就业情况在不同省份和区域有所不同,有趋势显示劳动密集型企业正在逐步转移到二、三线省市。当地的市场化程度和企业的总资产、固定资产和无形资产等都对企业就业容纳能力有一定影响作用;税负则对企业就业容纳能力有较弱的负影响。非国有大中型制造业对我国各地劳动就业具有重要的影响,建议促进制造业就业需要大力改善市场投资环境,改变用行政手段简单干涉非国有企业经营活动的做法,尊重企业的经营自主权,通过投资扩大中西部地区制造业的就业能力;同时企业要注重无形资产积累和改善经营管理水平。

Non-state-owned manufacturing industry has a significant impact on the economic development and employment of China. To get a better understanding of employment in the industry, this paper focus on the analysis of large and medium-sized manufacturing enterprises. Using the data of Chinese 810 Non-state-owned listed enterprises in manufacture industry, this paper analyzes various factors affecting employment, which is different in varies regions under the influence of industrial transfer. Evidences show that the labor- intensive enterprises have begun to shift from the eastern region to central and western provinces. It is found that local market environment plays a key role in enlarging the employment. Other factors such as total asset, fixed asset and intangible asset positively contribute to the employment issue to some extent, while tax burden makes negative contribution. Nowadays, non-state-owned enterprises have been the major providers of employment in China. In the future, the sustainable employment, to some extent, depends on local government to improve macro market environment. Local government should respects enterprise autonomy instead of interference. Action should be taken to encourage enterprises in central and western regions to enlarge intangible asset and optimize management.