我国已婚流动女性就业状况及性别差异影响因素研究

Research on the Status of Employment of the Married Female Migrants and the Gender's Effects on Migrant's Employment

根据国家人口计生委2012年北京市流动人口动态监测调查数据,利用Probit回归分析方法,在控制了人口特征变量后,从人力资本、社会资本和照料活动三个层面出发,对我国已婚流动女性就业状况及性别差异的影响因素进行分析。结果表明,有将近四成的已婚流动女性处于非就业状态,人力资本和照料子女对已婚流动女性就业状况都有显著影响,社会资本和随迁长辈人数对其的影响存在年龄分布差异;导致我国已婚流动女性在14~29岁组时出现较大就业性别差异主要是由于受到年龄、户口类型的限制和社会资本的影响,而45~59岁组出现较大就业性别差异主要由于家庭支持功能的弱化。

Based on the dynamic monitoring survey of floating population of Beijing in 2012 by NPFPC （National Population and Family Planning Commission of China）, this paper analyzes the employment status of married female migrants and the gender influence on migrant＇s employment by controlling the demographic characteristics. The results show that there are almost 40% married female migrants in the status of unemployment. Social capital and caring for children have significant influences on married female migrants＇ employment while the influence of social capital and the elders migrated with them have age distribution difference. The great gender difference of employment in 14-29 age group is affected by age, type of Hukou and social capital while the gender differences in employment for the age group of 45-59 is caused by the weakening family supporffuction.