GC/MS分析俄罗斯鲟鱼不同部位脂肪酸组成

Analysis of the Fatty Acid Composition of Different Parts of Russian Sturgeon(Acipenser gueldenstaedtii) by GC/MS

通过Folch法提取俄罗斯鲟鱼不同部位总脂,采用GC/MS法对其脂肪酸组成进行分析。通过质谱数据库检索和标准品对照鉴定脂肪酸组成。研究表明,鱼肉、鱼卵、鱼皮、鱼腹中脂肪酸种类及含量类似,多不饱和脂肪酸含量均大于40%,其次为单不饱和脂肪酸(30%左右)和饱和脂肪酸(17%左右),多不饱和脂肪酸以9,12-十八碳二烯酸和DHA为主。鱼肉中总脂含量12.83%,其中,多不饱和脂肪酸为42.37%,EPA+DHA为17.25%;鱼卵总脂含量为14.46%,其中n-3脂肪酸为22.10%;鱼皮含有较高含量的n-6脂肪酸(19.43%);鱼腹总脂含量14.45%,含有较高含量的多不饱和脂肪酸(42.66%)和单不饱和脂肪酸(34.07%),EPA+DHA为17.38%;鱼鳔中未检测到n-3和n-6脂肪酸;鱼肝总脂含量为55.92%,单不饱和脂肪酸含量尤为突出,高达55.81%,以9-十八碳烯酸(49.82%)为主,饱和脂肪酸含量仅为17.24%;椎骨中总脂仅为0.09%。

The total lipids of different parts of Russian sturgeon were extracted using the Folch method and analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry （GC/MS）. The fatty acid composition was determined by MS database search and comparison with standards. This study showed that the types of fatty acids and their contents in fish muscle, eggs, skin, and lenticular tissue were similar. The content of polyunsaturated fatty acids （PUFAs） was more than 40%, followed by monounsaturated fatty acids （about 30%） and saturated fatty acids （about 17%）.Linoleic acid and docosahexenoic acid （DHA） were the main PUFAs. Fish muscle contained 12.83% of the total lipids, which was composed of 42.37% PUFA and 17.25% eicosapentaenoic acid （EPA） ＋ DHA. Fish eggs contained 14.46% of the total lipids, 22.10% of which were n-3 fatty acids. Fish skin had a high content of n-6 fatty acids （19.43%）. The lenticular tissue contained 14.45% of the total lipids, and its PUFA, monounsaturated fatty acid, and EPA ＋ DHA contents were 42.66%, 34.07%, and 17.38%, respectively. The n-3 and n-6 fatty acids were not detected in the, maw of the sturgeon. The liver contained 55.92% of the total lipids, in which the monounsaturated fatty acids, mainly containing 9-octadecenoic acid （49.82%）, were particularly prominent （up to 55.81%）, while the saturated fatty acids only accounted for 17.24%. The vertebrae contained only 0.09% of the total lipids.