一起腺病毒引起的急性呼吸道感染暴发调查分析

Analysis of an acute respiratory infection outbreak caused by adenovirus

目的分析一起腺病毒引起的急性呼吸道感染暴发疫情调查结果,为同类突发公共卫生事件的防治提供科学的依据。方法搜索病例,以年级、性别作为匹配因素,开展病例对照研究,分析发病危险因素。结果本次暴发疫情共报告急性呼吸道感染病例47例,无死亡,罹患率为8.88%,临床症状以发热为主,合并肺炎占27.7%。病例对照研究显示,与急性呼吸道感染症状者的近距离接触存在显著性(χ2=7.96,P<0.05),且接触时间长、短的差异有统计学意义(χ2=7.95,P<0.05);洗手习惯存在显著性(χ2=25.92,P<0.05),用手直接擦鼻涕的习惯差异有统计学意义(χ2=22.78,P<0.05)。结论较长时间接触感染腺病毒的患者可能是引起发病的主要危险因素,尤其是同桌和共同玩耍。养成良好的个人卫生习惯,经常洗手和不用手直接擦鼻涕都是重要保护因素。加强卫生习惯和卫生意识的培养,是呼吸道传染病主要和重要的预防措施。

Objective To analyze the investigation results of an acute respiratory infection outbreak caused by adenovirus and provide scientific information for the prevention and control of congener public health emergencies.Methods A case-control study was performed with grades and gender as matching factor,all cases and selected controls were investigated with the same questionnaire.Results A totul of 47 cases were diagnosed in the outbreak,no death,the attack rate was 8.88%;the main clinical symptom was fever and 27.7% of the cases became pneumonia.The case-control study analysis demonstrated that with close contact to cases or not（χ^2=7.96,P〈0.05）,contact time（χ^2=7.95,P〈0.05）,hand washing habits（χ^2=25.92,P〈0.05）and with or without the habit of cleaning snivel by hand directly（χ^2=22.78,P〈0.05）were statistically different between cases and controls.Conclusion long-time contact to cases maybe the main risk factor for the adenovirus infection,especially the contact manner were sharing the same desk or playing together.A good health habit of washing hands often and no cleaning snivel by hand directly were important protective factors.Thus,strengthening the training of health habit and awareness is the important preventive measure for respiratory infectious diseases.