北京市西城区某社区学龄前儿童感染性腹泻危险因素研究

The Investigation into the Risk Factors of Infectious Diarrhea among Preschoolers in One Community of Western District Beijing

目的了解北京市西城区某社区学龄前儿童感染性腹泻发病危险因素,为学龄前儿童感染性腹泻的防治工作提供依据。方法采用病例对照研究,选取2013年全年北京市西城区某社区学龄前儿童感染性腹泻患者为病例组,并进行1∶1条件匹配选取健康儿童为对照组;采用统一设计的调查问卷进行调查;采用单因素和多因素条件Logistic回归分析筛选可能的危险因素。结果单因素分析差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)的变量为是否入托、家庭人均收入、看护人学历、卫生间类型、2周内接触过腹泻病人、回家洗手、水杯每日清洗、案板生熟分开使用、纠正儿童吃手情况;多因素分析有统计学意义(P<0.05)的危险因素是家中没有独立卫生间、回家不洗手、家长很少纠正儿童吃手习惯(OR值分别为4.749,12.360,2.369)。结论教育儿童回家洗手,纠正儿童吃手习惯,改善公共卫生间的卫生条件可以预防儿童感染性腹泻的发生。

Objective To observe the risk factors of infectious diarrhea among preschoolers in one community of western district Beijing, which providing a basis for clinic prevention and treatment. Method Adopted case controlled study. Selected and regarded those preschoolers who had infectious diarrhea in one community of western district Beijing in 2013 as case group, while chose those healthy children according to the 1 ： 1 matching condition as controlled group. Adopted unified questionnaires to investigate and used single-factor and multi-factor conditional logistic regress analysis to screen the risk factors. Results The single-factor analysis was statistically significant（P〈0.05） , including variables of kindergarten, family per capita income, caregiver education background, toilet style, frequency of close contact with diarrhea patients within 2 weeks, handwashing, cleaning of glass per day, separation use of chopping board for cooked and uncooked food, breaking bad behavior of eating bands. The multi-factor analysis was statistically significant（P 〈0.05）, including risk variables of no private bathroom, no hand-washing at home, no hands eating habit correction （OR value were 4.749,12.360,2.369 ）. Conclusion The currency of infectious diarrhea among preschoolers can be prevented by teaching children washing hands, breaking bad behavior of eating hands, and improving condition of public toilets.