城市问题马克思主义化的典范——卡斯特《城市问题》析微

Review on the Classic of Marxism Urban Sociology- The Urban Question Written by Manuel Castells

《城市问题》一书是卡斯特的成名之作,它把阿尔都塞的结构马克思主义的基本方法应用于城市研究领域,建构了一个以集体消费为主导结构的城市系统模型,进而以集体消费的结构性矛盾重构了马克思的资本主义危机理论和无产阶级革命理论,第一次在较为严格的意义上为马克思主义城市社会学确立了自己的研究对象、核心概念、研究方法和参考框架,代表了西方马克思主义回应城市问题最初的也是最重要和最典型的理论成就,是城市问题马克思主义化的经典范本。当然,由于结构主义方法的限制,该书在突出主导结构的同时也颠倒了马克思关于生产决定消费的基本逻辑,无形中抽掉了马克思主义的革命根基,在一定程度上损害了它的理论穿透力。

The Urban Question is a famous works written by Manuel Castells, in which structuralist Marxism approach is applied to the urban sphere and a model of urban system is constructed on collective consumption as a dominant structure, then Marx＇s theory on the capitalism crisis and the proletarian revolution is reconstructed by its structural contradictions. It is the first time to establish specific theoretical object, key concepts, research methods and a reference frame for Marxism urban sociology, on behalf of the first and for most academic achievement of Western Marxism in response to urban problems, and is a model for Marxist-oriented urban questions. Certainly, on account of structuralism method, it overturns Marx＇s basic logic on production dominant to consumption with highlighting the dominant structure, and thus removes Marxism revolutionary base virtually, to some extent damages its theoretical penetration.