美国工业点源排放控制经验对中国的借鉴研究

Experience of U. S. Industrial Discharge Control and Implications to China

文章分析了以排放限值为主要手段的美国工业水污染控制体系。美国工业水污染控制体系包括基于水质的排放限值和基于技术的排放限值,两者相辅相成,互为补充,不仅促使工业点源排放量不断降低,而且按照水质标准维护自然水体健康。在此基础上,文章提出了美国经验对中国水污染控制政策的三点启示:一是基于水质的排放限值与基于技术的排放限值分开设置,二是基于技术的排放限值始终保持先进性,三是重视统计学方法在排放限值制定中的应用。

The paper briefly analyzes the U. S. industrial wastewater control system based on effluent limitations. Through waterquality- based effluentlimits and technology- basedeffluentlimits,U. S. continuouslyreduce industrial water pollutants as well as maintain healthy water quality. In consideration of the problems existing in China＇s wastewater control system,some lessons could be learnt from US： 1） establishwaterquality- basedand technology- based effluentlimits separately; 2） alwayskeep technology- based effluentlimitsin relatively advance of existing technologiesand; 3） note the important role of statistic methods in deciding the effluentlimits.