中国成年及老年人预防性口腔卫生行为状况

Prevalence of preventive oral health behaviors among adults and the elderly in China

目的 了解中国35~44岁成年人和65~74岁老年人看牙、洗牙、刷牙、使用含氟牙膏4种预防性口腔行为水平及达到《中国居民口腔健康指南》推荐标准情况。方法 采用多阶段分层随机整群抽样方法,对全国23 271名35~44岁成年人和8 902名65~74岁老年人就上述4种口腔卫生行为进行问卷调查,采用描述性统计分析方法对调查结果进行分析。结果 中国35~44岁居民达到《指南》推荐的“每年进行1次口腔检查”、“每年洗牙1次”、“早晚刷牙”、“使用含氟牙膏刷牙”4种口腔卫生行为的人数比例分别为8.4%、2.3%、36.3%和42.3%,65~74岁居民达到标准的人数比例分别为12.1%、1.5%、22.1%和32.5%;城市居民4种口腔行为达到推荐标准的人数比例均高于农村居民（P〈0.05）;每年口腔检查、早晚刷牙、使用含氟牙膏行为达标比例均为东部地区〉中部地区〉西部地区（P〈0.05）;女性口腔检查和早晚刷牙情况好于男性（P〈0.05）;不同地区、性别居民洗牙情况差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论 当前中国成年人和老年人的4种口腔卫生行为达到《指南》推荐标准的人群比例均较低,并以农村地区、西部地区、男性最为突出,应采取及时有效的干预措施。

Objective To investigate the status of preventive oral health behaviors recommended by＂ Oral Health Guide for Chinese Residents＂ among the people aged 35 -44 and 65 -74 years. Methods Overall 23 271 adults aged 35 - 44 years and 8 902 aged 65 - 74 years were selected with multistage stratified cluster random sampling and inter- viewed with a questionnaire in 2010. Descriptive statistic method was applied to analyse the data. Results The propor- tions of the persons with the behaviors of having dental visit once a year, cleaning teeth at least 1 time per year, brushing teeth both in the moming and evening,and using fluoride toothpaste were 8.4% ,2. 3% ,36. 3% ,and 42. 3% among the people aged 35 - 44 years and 12. 1% , 1.5 % , 22. 1%, and 32. 5 % among the people aged 65 - 74 years, respectively. Compared to the rural people, the urban residents showed higher proportions of having the 4 oral health behaviors （ P 〈 0. 05 ）. The proportions of dental visit, toothbrushing in the morning and evening, and fluoride toothpaste use were higher among the people in the east region than among the people in central and west region（ P 〈 0. 05 ）, and the female people had higher proportions of dental visit and toothbrushing than the male people. No significant gender and regional differences were observed in the proportion of dental cleaning behavior. Conclusion The proportion of the residents with preventive oral health behaviors recommended by national guidelines is low among adults and elderly people in China, especially among the males and those living in rural areas or west regions. Effective interventions for oral health should be implemented among the populations.