河北省城乡老年人家庭功能影响因素分析

Family function and its influencing factors among urban and rural elderlies in Hebei province

目的了解河北省城乡老年人家庭功能影响因素,为改善老年人家庭功能,促进健康及提高老年人生活质量提供依据。方法采用多阶段分层整群抽样方法对河北省唐山、石家庄、张家口3市抽取的6 173名≥60岁城乡老年人进行问卷调查。结果河北省城乡老年人的家庭功能良好者占13.64%,一般或差者占86.36%;城市老年人家庭功能评定量表(FAD)中问题解决、沟通、角色、情感反应、情感介入、行为控制、总的功能7个维度得分分别为(11.24±2.80)、(18.83±3.37)、(26.34±3.29)、(13.63±2.45)、(16.94±3.20)、(21.95±2.60)、(24.65±4.48)分,均低于农村老年人的(11.83±2.39)、(19.69±2.97)、(27.10±2.95)、(14.25±2.23)、(17.28±3.09)、(22.31±2.49)、(25.94±3.96)分,差异均有统计学意义(均P=0.000);多元线性逐步回归分析显示,影响河北省老年人家庭功能问题解决、沟通、角色、情感反应、情感介入、行为控制、总的功能7个维度的因素主要有城乡、年龄、文化程度、婚姻状况、月人均收入、子女数、健康状况量表(SF-36)得分、日常生活能力量表(ADL)得分、卧床与否、医保类型、有无养老保险、有无债务等。结论河北省城乡老年人家庭功能水平较低,影响因素复杂,应综合考虑其改善措施。

Objective To examine the status of family function and its influencing factors among urban and rural elderly residents in Hebei province and to provide envidences for improving quality of life in the elderlies. Methods Multi-stage stratified cluster sampling method was used to select 6 173 residents aged 60 years and above from urban and rural areas in Hebei province for a questionnaire survey. Results Among the elderlies,only 13.64% repotted good family function and 86. 36% repotted common or bad family function. The urban eldeflies had lower Family Assessment Device （FAD） scores than rural elderlies in problem solving （ 11.24 ± 2. 80 vs. 11.83 ± 2. 39 ）, communication （ 18.83 ± 3.37 vs. 19.69 ± 2. 97 ）, roles （26. 34 ± 2.45 vs. 27.10 ± 2. 45 ）, affective responsiveness （ 13.69 ± 2. 45 vs. 14. 25 ± 2. 23 ）, affective involvement （ 16. 94 ± 3. 20 vs. 17.28 ± 3.09 ）, behaviour control （21.95 ± 2. 60 vs. 22. 31 ± 2. 49 ）, and general functioning （24. 65 _± 4. 48 vs. 25.95 ± 3.96 ） （all P = 0. 000 ）. Multivariate linear regression analyses indicated the factors influencing the 7 dimensions of family function among the eldeflies included living area, age, educational level, marital status, number of children, health condition, activity of daily life （ ADL）, whether being ill abed, monthly income, type of medical insurance, status of endowment insurance, and debt condition. Conclusion The family function level of urban and rural elderly people in Hebei province is low and its influencing factors are complex. Comprehensive measures need to be considered to solve the problem.