河北省城乡老年人家庭、社会支持对心理健康影响

Influentces of family and social support on mental health among elderly residents in Hebei province

目的分析河北省城乡老年人家庭及社会支持系统对老年人心理健康的影响,为改善老年人心理健康、提高老年人生活质量提供科学依据。方法采用自行设计的一般人口学调查表、家庭功能评定量表(FAD)、社会支持评定量表(SSRS)及症状自评量表(SCL-90)对河北省6 173名≥60岁城乡老年人进行问卷调查。结果无心理症状者4 758人,占77.1%;轻度心理症状者1 257人,占20.4%;中重度心理症状者154人,占2.5%;不同性别、年龄、居住地、婚姻状况、文化程度、有无固定收入、子女关心程度和社会支持均是老年人心理健康的可能影响因素(P<0.05);多因素分析结果显示,年龄(OR=0.931)、婚姻状况(OR=1.107)、文化程度(OR=0.921)、有无固定收入(OR=1.155)、子女关心程度(OR=1.317)及社会支持水平(OR=0.794)是老年人心理健康的主要影响因素(P<0.05)。结论河北省老年人心理健康状况不容乐观,提高家庭及社会支持度是维护老年人心理健康的重要条件。

Objective To examine the impacts of family and social support on mental health among urban and rural elderly people in Hebei province and to provide reference for the improvement of mental health and quality of life of the elderly. Methods A survey was carried out among 6 173 elderly people aged 60 years and older in Hebei province using a self-designed general demographic questionnaire, Family Assessment Device （FAD）, Social Support Rating Scale （SSRS） and Symptom Checklist-90 （SCL-90）. Results Among the elderly ,4 758 （77. 1% ）had no psychological symptoms, 1 257 （20. 4% ） had mild psychological symptoms, and 154 （2. 5 % ） had moderate to severe psychological symptoms. Multivariate analyses showed that age （ odds ratio [ OR ] = 0. 931 ）, marital status （ OR = 1. 107 ）, education level （ OR = 0. 921 ）, whether having fixed income （ OR = 1. 155 ）, child care （ OR = 1.317 ）, and social support （ OR = 0. 794） were main influencing factors of mental health among the elderly residents（P 〈0. 05）. Conclusion Mental health of the elderly in Hebei province is not good and family and social support need to be improved to maintain the mental health among the elderly.